Causes and Countermeasures of Sow Metritis in Large-scale Pig Farms
Causes and Countermeasures of Sow Metritis in Large-scale Pig Farms!
I. Causes
1. Human-induced infection during sow farrowing
Sows usually farrow at night. For the farrowing assistants in large-scale pig farms, within 2-3d they must complete the production tasks for hundreds of piglets??weaning, tail docking, teeth clipping, ear notching. At the same time, they must fill in correct production records or carry out hyperimmune vaccination according to procedures,
which is indeed a tedious and monotonous job. When the sow's birth canal is narrow, she lacks the strength to give birth, the farrowing time is too long, or when confirming whether the sow has finished farrowing, the farrowing assistants are forced to use manual assistance. Especially in cold winter or when the farrowing assistants fail to properly disinfect their arms, foreign matter or microorganisms enter the uterus along with this and cause infection.
2. Postpartum infection in sows
After farrowing, the sow is physically weak, and the cervix cannot completely close for more than ten days after farrowing. At the same time, during this period piglets are most prone to diarrheal diseases. If the farrowing house is not properly disinfected, the possibility of postpartum uterine inflammation in sows will increase.
3. Infection during artificial insemination of sows
At present, artificial inseminationtechnologyis widely used in large-scale pig farms. The application of thistechnologyhas greatly reduced the feeding cost of boars and the spread of reproductive diseases. However, excessive human intervention also increases the possibility of sows being infected with uterine inflammation. In specific operations, cleaning of the vulva, the 2-3 insemination procedures, the cleanliness of the insemination catheter, the proficiency of the insemination personnel, and mechanical damage to the vagina are all triggers of uterine inflammation infection.
4. Infection during outdoor exercise of sows
Large-scale pig farms have special exercise yards for outdoor exercise of replacement gilts and parous sows that have not been in heat for a long time, using comprehensive conditions such as light, exercise, and temperature to stimulate the synthesis and secretion of reproductive hormones in sows. In the exercise yard, sows chase, bite, and play, often getting their bodies covered with mud. Especially when water accumulates in the exercise yard, the contamination of the pigs' bodies becomes even more serious. If the feeders cannot carry out effective cleaning in time afterward, it is very likely to cause uterine infection in sows that are in the stage of silent estrus.
II.Prevention and controlmeasures
1. Improvement and implementation of management systems
First, it should be clearly stipulated in the system that breeding work is the joint responsibility of the insemination personnel, farrowing assistants, and farrowing house managers, so as to change the traditional division of responsibilities in which the three parties are independent of one another. The system is formulated with the incidence percentage of sow metritis as the standard. Farrowing assistants are responsible to farrowing house managers, farrowing house managers are responsible to insemination personnel, and insemination personnel are responsible for the total number of piglets born per sow and the abnormal culling rate, so that the reproductive health of sows can be guaranteed at every stage of production, thereby controlling the occurrence of uterine inflammation institutionally.
2. Treatment of sow metritistreatment
Because uterine inflammationtreatmenthas a long cycle, the condition is prone to recurrence, and reproductive capacity after recovery is low, it has become one of the important diseases troubling pig farmtechnicalpersonnel. In clinical practice, the author gradually recognized the pathological characteristics of this disease and formed his owntreatmentprinciples andtreatmentplans.
(1) In the early stage of uterine inflammation, the inflammation is confined inside the uterus, and systemic symptoms are not obvious. This is the best period fortreatingthe disease, and the cure rate is very high. The prescription is: first use 0.1%-O.3% potassium permanganate solution to repeatedly flush the uterus, then intramuscularly inject 50-80IU of oxytocin to promote the discharge of the flushing fluid, and finally infuse 5% metronidazole solution, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, gentamicin, Vc, and repeat 2-3 courses if necessary.
(2) In the middle stage of uterine inflammation, the inflammation spreads, causing systemic symptoms mainly including fever, constipation, and anorexia. At this time,treatmenton the basis of the above prescription, add promethazine + Bupleurum to relieve fever, mix in vegetable oil to lubricate the intestines, and add trypsin + NaHCO#-[3] and other preparations to regulate the gastrointestinal tract, carrying out a broad prescription treatment to control the worsening of the condition.
(3) In the late stage of uterine inflammation, the sow already has main clinical symptoms such as hypertonic dehydration, fasting, malignant constitution, and virtual fever. At this point, for large-scale pig farms, it has losttreatmentvalue.
3. Discussion
Uterine inflammation is a disease of the uterine reproductive tract caused by multiple reasons. This article discusses uterine problems caused at thetechnicaland management levels. Taking a pig farm with 10,000 pigs as an example, based on a 5% incidence rate in the sow herd and an 80% culling rate for affected sows, the pig farm additionally loses 2O breeding sows and nearly 400 piglets in 1 year. Adding the feed waste, drug consumption, and other expenses during the disease process, the pig farm's loss in 1 year is as high as more than 100,000 yuan. To solve this problem, we must start from two aspects: on one hand, the implementation of systems to control the occurrence of disease; on the other hand, thetreatmentof the disease to shorten the course and improve the cure rate. (Source: Pig Farming Lecture Hall)