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Sharing of New Infection Cases of Porcine Viral Diarrhea

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Sharing of a New Infection Case of Porcine Viral Diarrhea
 
At a pig farm in Fujian, piglets had persistent diarrhea for more than half a year. The symptoms were similar to PEDV, but the age of onset was slightly later, and the mortality rate was about 30%. In response to the diarrhea, the farm repeatedly immunized with vaccines containing PEDV variant strains, but the results were ineffective, and booster immunization with pseudorabies vaccine was also ineffective. After submission for testing, the pathogen tests for PEDV, PRV, TGEV, and rotavirus at the pig farm were all negative, while the α coronavirus test was positive.
 
 

 
Since 2017, many farms in Guangdong, Fujian, and Guangxi have experienced stubborn viral diarrhea-like diseases similar to PEDV, causing great losses to pig farms. Moreover, the test results showed no relationship with PEDV, PRV, TGEV, or rotavirus. Testing by relevant research institutions showed that most of these diseases are related to the following two viruses.

1. Porcine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus disease

 CSADS-cov. This disease is also called bat-origin coronavirus, originates from the Chinese horseshoe bat, and has many similarities to SARS virus. It is similar to PEDV and PDCOV infection, but is more harmful and has a higher mortality rate. Nursery pigs and finishing pigs may also die from dehydration.

2. Porcine enteric coronavirus disease (PDCOV), or porcine enteric α coronavirus disease

It is caused by porcine enteric α coronavirus. The symptoms are similar to PEDV, but the age of onset is later than PEDV, and the mortality rate is also lower than PEDV, at about 30% to 50%. It mainly affects suckling piglets.

 
 
 
 

Recommended prevention and control plan:

At present, there are no effective vaccines for the prevention and control of the above two viral diarrheas. It is recommended to:

① Strengthen biosecurity, eliminate bats on the farm, and strictly implement all-in/all-out in the farrowing house, giving the farrowing room enough empty time for cleaning and disinfection;

② Batch production has a relatively good effect on controlling this disease;

③ Use the small intestine (including contents) of piglets with diarrhea symptoms within 18 hours to prepare a tissue inactivated vaccine and immunize pregnant sows twice (note: if diarrhea lasts more than 18 hours, the small intestinal villi of piglets shed and the antigen content is low);

④ Find a relatively high-level teaching and research institution to isolate and culture the virus and prepare an inactivated vaccine for prevention and control.

 

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