Causes of Second Parity Syndrome in Sows and Its Impact on Pig Farm Economic Benefits
Causes of Second Parity Syndrome in Sows and How It Affects Pig Farm Economic Benefits!
1. Insufficient supply of reproductive nutrients
During the rearing period, replacement gilts are not fed dedicated replacementbreeding pigfeed, and some are even fed fattening pig feed, resulting in a lack of reproductive nutrients needed to maintain sow reproductive performance.
2. First mating too early, with insufficient development of the sow herself
After replacement gilts come into estrus, they are mated in a hurry, ignoring the sow's first mating age, body weight, and body condition, so mating age is too early. Although the gilt is sexually mature at estrus, it has not yet reached the standard for physical maturity, and the reproductive system is not fully mature either, making dystocia and other problems likely and leading to the appearance of second parity syndrome.
3. Cumulative mycotoxin poisoning
Feed ingredients are of poor quality, and sows consume feed with excessive mycotoxin levels over the long term, causing cumulative mycotoxin poisoning that damages the reproductive system and immune system.
4. Insufficient nutrient supply during gestation
After replacement gilts are mated, their own development is still far from the state of physical maturity, so they must obtain sufficient nutrients to meet the needs of fetal development on the one hand and the needs of their own continued development on the other. If the feeding and management plan during gestation is improper, the balance between the gilt's own development and fetal growth and development is not well controlled, leading to second parity syndrome in sows.
5. Excessive weight loss during lactation
⟧ First-parity sows have low feed intake during lactation, while piglets have a strong suckling ability, creating a "scissors gap" between supply and demand, so first-parity sows lose body condition more severely than multiparous sows. If the nutritional supply plan during lactation is poor, the sow loses too much body weight during lactation, has little body fat and thin backfat, so that the sow cannot come into estrus in time after weaning.
6. Improper perinatal health care, with sows developing acute or hidden endometritis
The week before and the week after farrowing is the stage when sows experience the strongest stress, and their resistance declines, making the reproductive system highly susceptible to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Sows then develop endometritis, causing them to temporarily or permanently lose reproductive ability.
7. Infection with reproductive disorder diseases
Sows are infected with reproductive disorder diseases such as blue ear disease, pseudorabies, swine fever, eperythrozoonosis, and chlamydia.
Solutions:
1. Strengthen the feeding and management of replacement gilts, and select suitable replacement gilts for breeding use.
2. Choose good feed ingredients and feed, do not use moldy or spoiled feed to raise sows, and in view of the actual situation in which China's feed grain ingredients are contaminated by mycotoxins, add anti-mold and detoxifying additives or drugs to the feed.
3. Use a reasonable nutritional plan to raise replacement gilts. Use growing pig feed from 50-75 kg, and from 75 kg to mating use dedicated replacementbreeding pigfeed, or use lactating sow feed. Absolutely do not use fattening pig feed to raise replacement gilts.
4. Starting from when replacement gilts weigh 50 kg, increase the supply of reproductive nutrients.
5. During the replacement stage, strictly follow the set immunization program to vaccinate against vaccines that cause sow reproductive disorders, such as swine fever, pseudorabies, parvovirus, and Japanese encephalitis vaccines.
6. Determine the appropriate first mating age and body weight
Binary crossbred sows should be mated at about 8 months of age and at a body weight of 130-140 kg, while purebred sows may be delayed appropriately.
7. Reduce weight loss during lactation to the minimum
First, implement full feeding during lactation, increase feeding frequency, raise nutrient concentration, and add 5% oil or 10% extrudedsoybeanand so on to the feed, to prevent insufficient nutrient intake or excessive consumption.
8. Control the number of piglets suckled by the sow, generally not more than 13-14, and the piglet weaning time should preferably be about 23-25 days. Lactation time must not be too long, otherwise the weight loss phenomenon will be more serious.
9. Do a good job of postpartum health care
For 3 days after farrowing, pay attention to whether the sow still has inflammation or other diseases, and treat them promptly.