What are the common feeds that easily cause pig poisoning? (2)
What are the common feeds that easily cause pig poisoning? (2)
Cottonseed and cotton leaves contain gossypol. During the extraction process of cottonseed, part of the gossypol is removed. The content of free gossypol varies with different extraction methods; the lower the residual oil, the less free gossypol, and the better the quality of the cottonseed cake. The lowest gossypol content is 0.01%, and the highest can reach 0.6%. The free gossypol content in cottonseed meal fed to pigs is required to be no higher than 0.04%, and the maximum tolerance of pigs to free gossypol in the diet is 0.01%. In rural China, "local-pressed cakes" are steamed and roasted very quickly or only roasted without steaming, so free gossypol is less destroyed, and the gossypol content in the cake is often as high as 0.2%-0.3%. This kind of cake must be fed with ferrous sulfate in an amount equal to the free gossypol in the diet. For detoxified cottonseed cake, the daily feeding amount for adult pigs should not exceed 1 kg, and for 3-month-old piglets should not exceed 100 g. For undetoxified fresh cotton leaves, adult pigs fed 3 kg per day and piglets fed 1.5 kg can be poisoned.
VII. Undetoxified rapeseed meal
Rapeseed cake contains glucosinolates, which are themselves non-toxic, but under neutral conditions, under the action of myrosinase in rapeseed cake, they hydrolyze to produce harmful substances such as isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones. Myrosinase also exists in certain intestinal bacteria, so feeding untreated glucosinolate-containing rapeseed is more harmful. Excessive use of rapeseed cake will affect the weight gain and feed conversion rate of growing-finishing pigs. Generally, feeding rapeseed cake can be treated by high-temperature alkalization and controlled in amount. In finishing pig feed, rapeseed cake accounts forconcentrate feedthe proportion must not exceed 20%-25%.
VIII. Spoiled and putrid peanut meal
Peanut cake is most susceptible to Aspergillus flavus during storage, producing aflatoxin. Aflatoxin produced on peanut cake cannot be eliminated even by boiling.
IX. Moldy and deteriorated corn, grain bran, and mixed feed
These moldy feeds contain Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ruber, rust fungi, etc. Pigs will suffer from various mycotoxin poisonings after eating them.
X. Excessive distiller's grains
⟧ The amount of distiller's grains added to pig feed should not exceed 30% of the total feed, otherwise alcohol poisoning will occur. If pigs suffer from the above poisoning phenomena, any one or several of the following can be used together for first aid:
1% methylene blue (methylthioninium chloride), 20% sodium nitrite, 20% sodium thiosulfate, 40% methenamine, as well as caffeine sodium benzoate, magnesium sulfate, glucose saline, etc., by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. The dosage should follow the doctor's advice or the instructions and be determined according to the poisoning situation. Sodium thiosulfate, baking soda, magnesium sulfate, etc. can also be used for oral administration to induce vomiting and purging according to the duration of poisoning and the size of the pig, so as to alleviate the symptoms.