A detailed guide to vaccinating sows before and after pregnancy: deviations can have a big impact
A detailed guide to vaccinating sows before and after pregnancy: did you get it right? Deviations have a big impact
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Replacement gilts
It is best to complete vaccination within 1 to 3 months before estrus and mating. Do not vaccinate close to estrus, because vaccine reactions may affect estrus, such as delaying the estrus period.
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Sows
01. Around 20 days into the sow's lactation period, when the peak of lactation has passed, this is a relatively good time for vaccination. If this time is missed, vaccination can be done after weaning.
02. The vaccines given to sows should be determined according to local conditions. Generally, both of the first two litters should be vaccinated against porcine parvovirus.
03. Every 4-6 months, inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.
04. First-litter sows: classical swine fever attenuated live vaccine before mating; inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine; porcine pseudorabies gene-deleted attenuated live vaccine.
05. Multiparous sows: classical swine fever attenuated live vaccine before mating; porcine pseudorabies gene-deleted attenuated live vaccine at 4-6 weeks before farrowing; combined vaccine for porcine transmissible gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea.
Note: In areas where Japanese encephalitis is epidemic or under threat, use Japanese encephalitis vaccine once a year from March to May (1-2 months before mosquitoes appear), with two vaccinations at an interval of one month; for classical swine fever attenuated live vaccine, it is recommended to use spleen and lymph tissue vaccine, and immunization can be chosen according to local disease conditions.
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Vaccination program flow for pregnant sows
Vaccination of pregnant sows should be based on the animal's immune status and the epidemic season of infectious diseases, combined with local epidemic conditions and the immune characteristics of various vaccines, to reasonably arrange the number of vaccinations and intervals, and formulate a vaccination program.
01. Porcine Japanese encephalitis
The injection time is from March to April each year, before mosquitoes become active. In the south, no later than early May; in the north, no later than late May. Generally, one vaccination is enough. In early pregnancy, a booster can be given, but it must be injected at a dose of 2 head portions.
02. Porcine parvovirus disease
The injection time is one month before mating, or it can be injected at separate sites at the same time as Japanese encephalitis live vaccine. Note that this vaccine must be injected before mating; injection after mating is ineffective.
03. Classical swine fever
After lactating sows are weaned, inject 4 head portions of classical swine fever cell live vaccine or classical swine fever and erysipelas live vaccine intramuscularly. This is the most suitable period for injecting live vaccine.
Note: The spring and autumn two-season vaccination method is no longer used, because after injecting classical swine fever during pregnancy, the attenuated classical swine fever virus can pass through the placenta into the fetus, which can cause the fetus to carry the virus. This can lead to classical swine fever in newborn piglets or shedding of the virus to the outside, contaminating the environment.
04. Swine erysipelas
Vaccinate twice a year. Clinically, it is often vaccinated at the same time as classical swine fever, and erysipelas live vaccine can be used for immunization.
05. Piglet yellow diarrhea and white diarrhea
Whether to vaccinate should be chosen according to the conditions of the pig farm.
06. Piglet red diarrhea (also known as Clostridium perfringens type C disease)
Whether to vaccinate should be chosen according to the conditions of the pig farm.
07. Swine streptococcosis
Use swine streptococcus live vaccine one month before farrowing for sows. Immunity is produced 7 days after injection and can last for 9 months. It can effectively prevent disease in lactating piglets and can also prevent streptococcosis in sows. Whether to vaccinate should be chosen according to the conditions of the pig farm.
08. Porcine pseudorabies
Intramuscular injection before mating or in early pregnancy can prevent abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, and mummification in pregnant sows caused by pseudorabies virus infection. (If preventing disease in lactating piglets, another intramuscular injection can be given one month before farrowing. Piglets can obtain anti-pseudorabies immune antibodies from milk, lasting 3-4 weeks.)
09、Swine diseaseViral diarrhea, transmissible gastroenteritis
One month before farrowing, inject sows at the Houhai acupoint (the Houhai acupoint is located in the depression between the anus and the tail),Swine diseaseViral diarrhea, transmissible gastritis oil-adjuvant live vaccine. The injection time is from December each year to March of the following year during the cold season. It can effectively prevent disease in sows and lactating piglets (there are immune antibodies in milk).
10. Porcine foot-and-mouth disease
Twice a year, inject during the empty period after sows are weaned!
Note: Throughout the entire gestation period, except for necessary epidemic prevention, try not to vaccinate with other vaccines, because whether a vaccine will affect the fetus is often unclear. If there is a vaccine that must be given, it is best to test it on a few pigs first, and if there are no adverse reactions, then apply it to the whole herd.