Detailed explanation of rational planning and design of pig farms and internal details
Detailed explanation of rational planning and design of pig farms, and internal details of pig farms
First is the site selection issue:
1. The air in the environment must not contain harmful gases (for example: fluoride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, various pesticide gases, etc.); in such an environment, the pig herd is prone to respiratory diseases.
2. The soil and water sources at the site must not contain pathogenic microorganisms, parasites, mineral toxicants, or putrefactive products; in such an environment, the pig herd is prone to diseases.
3. The soil and water sources must not contain excessive trace elements [lead, mercury, arsenic, organic pesticides, cyanide]; these excessive trace elements will cause chronic poisoning in the pig herd.
Based on the above reasons:
A pig farm should not be built in humid environments beside rivers and ponds [likely to cause skin diseases and limb and hoof diseases]; it must not be built beside highways, residential areas, around polluting enterprises, public places, and other such locations; in these environments, factors such as [dust, noise, pathogens, etc.] will bring potential or direct harm to the health of the pig herd.
Pig house construction issues:
1. The boar house should be built in the upwind area of the pig farm, and should both be adjacent to the sow house and maintain an appropriate distance. The lactating sow house, pregnant sow house, growing sow house, and replacement sow house should be built somewhat closer to the main entrance for convenient transport.
2. The density of pig houses should not be too high, as excessive density easily causes environmental pollution and mutual infection among the pig herd. The distance between pig houses should be kept at more than 8 m, with trees planted in between.
3. Sow houses, boar houses, and fattening pig houses should be built in different modes according to different usage requirements. The sow house should have a nursery room, and the walls of the boar house should be heightened and reinforced.
4. Pig houses should be conducive to ventilation and air exchange. For a pig house raising 10 fattening pigs, the back wall needs 4 windows of 70 cm and both sides need 2 windows of 50-70 cm. The interior space of the pig house should not be too low, as being too low is not conducive to ventilation.
5. Pig houses must have manure and urine discharge pipes. Dry-wet separation treatment should be adopted. The sewage ditch inside the pig house must have sufficient slope to facilitate the smooth discharge of sewage and must not circle around the pig house. The pig farm needs a septic tank or biogas digester.
[Brief introduction to reasonable stocking density for pig farming]:
The stocking density of pigs should be adjusted according to the size of the pigs and different seasons. Generally, each meat pig should occupy 0.8-1.0 sq m. At 3-4 months of age, each meat pig needs to occupy 0.6 sq m; at 4-6 months of age, each meat pig needs to occupy 0.8 sq m; at 7-8 months of age, 1 sq m. In summer, a large pig generally occupies 1.1-1.2 sq m per pig, and in winter 0.9-1.0 sq m. A sow generally occupies 1.5-2.0 sq m each.
1. Design of pig farm feed troughs
If the feed trough design on a pig farm is not conducive to pigs' feeding, it is very easy to cause waste. This waste accumulates day by day, so this small detail also needs to be carefully designed! The editor will help you analyze it. An unreasonable feed trough design on a pig farm is not just a problem of waste. Whether in nursery or fattening pig houses, feed troughs have problems on most pig farms: insufficient feeding positions, and piglets easily get in.
Suggestions:
Determine the number of feeding positions according to the number of pigs raised in each pen. One feeding position allows 3-4 pigs to eat. If there are insufficient feeding positions, it is easy for the uniformity within the pen to be unsatisfactory. Feed troughs that are too shallow or too narrow are the main cause of feed overflow. The feed outlet of the trough must not be higher than the outer edge of the trough; otherwise, leaked feed is likely to overflow.
In addition, it is best to install two drinkers in each pig pen, one high and one low, which is beneficial for pigs of different sizes to drink water. The height of the drinker should be level with the shoulder of a standing pig.
2. Design of sick pig houses and sick pig pens
It is very common for pigs on a pig farm to get sick. When pigs get sick, sick pigs and healthy pigs need to be separated, which brings us to the design of sick pig houses and sick pig pens. In the design of sick pig houses and sick pig pens, the main consideration is the issue of location.
Suggestions:
Build the sick pig house in a location far from the healthy pig houses, and have it managed by dedicated personnel. Each nursery and fattening pig house should set up sick pig pens. The sick pig pens need to be completely separated from the healthy pig pens with no gaps, so as to prevent direct contact between sick pigs and healthy pigs through the pen partition. Sick pigs that have recovered must not return to the healthy pig pens.