What are the reasons for swine fever vaccination failure?
When raising pigs, we need to strictly carry out vaccine immunization work against various epidemic diseases according to the immunization program. Especially for common infectious diseases like swine fever, if the immunization work is not done well, then it is very unfavorable for the overall development of the pig herd. However, many people often encounter the phenomenon of swine fever vaccination failure when immunizing pigs against swine fever. So what causes swine fever vaccination failure? Below, the editor will give you a brief introduction. Let's take a look together!
1. Unreasonable immunization program
An unreasonable immunization program is one of the main reasons leading to swine fever vaccination failure. At present, pig farms in our country generally have three types of immunization programs. The first is to gather boars and sows together and carry out swine fever vaccine immunization twice a year. Although this method is simple and can control swine fever relatively quickly, it will have a certain impact on pregnant sows. The second is to immunize sows and piglets together, mainly through early weaning. With this method, if the sow has reproductive disorders, then it will lead to vaccination failure. The last is mainly super-early immunization. These three immunization methods all have advantages and disadvantages. We should formulate a reasonable immunization plan according to the actual situation of the pig farm to avoid vaccination failure.
2. Interference from maternal antibodies
For newborn piglets, the sow's own immunity to swine fever antibodies is very important, but it will also affect vaccination. If piglets have maternal antibodies in their bodies, then the antibodies will neutralize the vaccine, causing the body to be unable to produce an immune response, thereby causing vaccination failure. But if the maternal antibodies in piglets completely disappear, then piglets may become infected with the pathogen. Therefore, we should pay attention to choosing an appropriate time for immunization to avoid being affected by maternal antibodies. If a sow has been repeatedly vaccinated and her antibody level is still very low, then she should be culled in time.
3. Poor vaccine quality
The quality of the vaccine will directly affect the immunization effect. When choosing vaccines, we should choose those from regular manufacturers, and also pay attention to information such as the shelf life and vaccine status. When storing or transporting vaccines, they should be placed in an environment of minus 15 degrees Celsius, and they must not be repeatedly frozen and thawed, otherwise it will have a great impact on the quality and effect of the vaccine. After diluting the vaccine, be careful to use it all within two hours to avoid losing its effect. When disinfecting needles, be careful that the concentration of the disinfectant is not too high, so as to avoid killing the swine fever vaccine. Finally, when immunizing, the principle of one pig, one needle should be followed to prevent virus-carrying injections, which would not only cause vaccine immunization failure but may also spread the epidemic.
4. Other factors
Swine fever vaccine will also be affected by various antiviral drugs. Therefore, before and after injecting the vaccine, be careful not to use antiviral drugs. For example, hormones such as streptomycin and neomycin will affect the formation of antibodies in pigs, leading to a decline in the immunization effect. In addition, genetic factors can also inhibit the body's immune response. Pigs of different breeds have different immune responses. Furthermore, the environment inside the pig house will also affect the immunization effect. If pigs are subjected to stress, then it will likewise affect immune antibodies.
The above is a brief introduction to the reasons for swine fever vaccination failure. That is all for today's introduction. This article is for reference only, and I hope it can help everyone!