Analysis of the Causes of Immunization Failure in Pig Farms and Prevention and Control Measures

With the trend toward scaled and intensive farming, immunization in pig farms has become the most important part of the pig-raising process, but for various reasons, immunization failure in pig farms occurs from time to time. So what causes it? Let's take a look together.

1. Vaccine-related causes

The first is that the vaccine quality is substandard. If it is not produced by a legitimate biological manufacturer, or if its active ingredients do not meet the standard or have expired, immunization failure will result. In addition, most vaccines must be stored at low temperature or transported via the cold chain. If they are repeatedly frozen and thawed, the immune effect of the vaccine will decline.

2. Human-related causes

During immunization, operators may improperly administer two or more vaccines at the same time; they will interact with each other and reduce the antibody response capacity, causing immunization failure. Insufficient immunization dose, an inadequate route of administration, or an improper dose can also cause immunization failure. For example, an injectable vaccine cannot be given orally or by nasal drops, and an oral vaccine cannot be injected; any operational error can lead to immunization failure.

3. Causes related to the pigs themselves

To a certain extent, the pig's response to a vaccine is controlled by heredity. Different breeds and different individuals also differ in the strength of their response to the same vaccine. For example, if the pig's immune organs are imperfect congenitally or acquiredly, immunization failure will result. In addition, after immunization, sows can pass maternal antibodies to piglets through milk, giving the piglets passive immunity, but when maternal antibody levels are high, they can not only fail to eliminate invading pathogens but also kill the inoculated vaccine. Piglets that have not consumed colostrum have relatively low initial immunoglobulin levels, but after exceeding the colostrum period, immunoglobulin levels rise sharply; at this time, inoculation with a live attenuated vaccine is very easily interfered with, resulting in immunization failure.

4. Prevention and control measures

First, strengthen feeding management, do a good job of ventilation in the pig house and of cold protection and heat protection, keep the pig house environment clean and hygienic, and carry out regular disinfection. When feeding, it is strictly forbidden to use moldy feed, and effectively prevent harmful substances such as mycotoxins, heavy metals, and insecticides from contaminating the feed and drinking water. Then, do a good job of vaccine control; be sure to purchase vaccines from reliable manufacturers, and carry out transportation and storage according to requirements. When carrying out vaccination immunization, a scientific immunization program should be formulated, taking all aspects into consideration, so as to achieve targeted immunization.

  The above is an introduction to the causes of immunization failure in pig farms and prevention and control measures. We hope it can help you. To learn more related knowledge, please keep following us.