How should broccoli be grown? A detailed explanation of the growing method

I. Sowing and raising seedlings

1. Preparing the seedbed The seedbed should preferably be a sandy loam soil with high, well-drained terrain, fertility, and good drainage. The previous crop should not be cabbage or Chinese cabbage type vegetables. Before sowing, apply 15-20 kg of decomposed compost per sq m, open furrows with a clear bed surface of 1.5 m, furrow width 40 cm, and level the bed surface.

2. Sowing Sow from late July to early August. Before sowing, use carbaryl or chlorpyrifos to control soil-dwelling pests, and water thoroughly to soak the soil. 22.2 sq m can raise more than 3000 seedlings, enough to transplant to 1 mu of field. At sowing, use 20 g of 25% carbendazim per sq m mixed with 1.5-2 kg of fine soil. After sowing and covering with soil, set up a frame and cover with a shade net.

3. Seedbed management Broccoli still needs shading from full emergence to the three-leaf stage. If the bed soil is too dry, water thoroughly in the evening. After three leaves and one heart, gradually remove the shade net to harden the seedlings, and transplant to the field at the 4-5 leaf stage.

II. Field management

1. Pre-planting preparation For the field, choose a plot with high, well-drained terrain, fertile soil, and a sandy loam or sandy loam texture: before transplanting, apply 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-45 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer, and 1-1.5 kg of borax per mu as base fertilizer, and at the same time broadcast 90% crystalline trichlorfon over the whole field per mu to control soil-dwelling pests such as white grubs. Before transplanting, dig a set of ditches deeply, and make beds by opening furrows at a bed width of 1.5 m, with a furrow width of 30-40 cm.

2. Reasonable close planting Transplant in a 60 cm x 40 cm arrangement, with a density of 2700-3000 plants per mu. After transplanting, water thoroughly to settle the soil, and cover with soil in time to preserve moisture. Generally, water once 7-10 days before the rows close.

3. Cultivation and fertilization Before the rows close, cultivate and loosen the soil 2 times while weeding. Drain and reduce waterlogging promptly before and after heavy rain, and after the rain clears, loosen the soil for aeration to prevent black root disease. Broccoli has a large fertilizer demand, using a total of 20-25 kg of pure nitrogen over its life. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer in the field, topdress three times: the first time 5-7 days after planting, apply seedling-promoting fertilizer with 10 kg of urea per mu; the second time when the plant has 12-13 leaves, apply leaf-cluster fertilizer with 15 kg of urea per mu; the third time at budding, apply 25 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer and 10 kg of urea per mu.

4. Disease and pest control After transplanting, broccoli should focus on controlling black root disease. Field management requires no obvious hidden waterlogging, suitable soil moisture, and good drainage and aeration. When disease occurs, use 25% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl for root drenching. Pests are mainly imported cabbageworm, which is relatively easy to control; use 500 times dilution of 160 million unit Ruixing wettable powder per mu to control first and second instar larvae. For beet armyworm and tobacco cutworm, choose highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides such as Chujin and Meiman, which give very good control.

5. Timely pruning Before and after budding, promptly remove the side branches below the main stem. When planted sparsely, 1 or 2 thick strong branches may be kept on the upper part; after the main curd is harvested, topdress immediately and harvest the side curds.