New Standardized Pollution-Free Cultivation Techniques for Broccoli and Control of Common Physiological Disorders

Broccoli, also known as green cauliflower, is a variety of cabbage. With the continuous improvement of urban and rural people's living standards, the demand for diversified vegetable varieties is increasing, and its cultivation area has expanded year by year, and it has now become one of the common and important vegetables in people's lives. The new standardized pollution-free cultivation techniques for broccoli are described below:

I. Variety Selection

For open-field cultivation, choose varieties with high resistance to viral diseases and heat tolerance. Such as Youxiu, Ludaiizi, Luling, etc. The seeding rate is 20 grams per mu.

II. Seedling Raising

Select fertile garden soil that has not grown cruciferous vegetables in the past three years, mix 2 parts with 1 part of fully decomposed and sifted barnyard manure, and add 1 kg of 15:15:15 NPK compound fertilizer per cubic meter or single-element fertilizers with corresponding nutrients, and mix evenly for later use. Spread the seedbed soil into the seedling bed to a thickness of about 10 cm. Mix 25% metalaxyl wettable powder with 70% mancozeb wettable powder at a ratio of 9:1, and mix 8-10 grams of the mixture with 4-5 kg of sifted fine soil per square meter; at sowing, spread 2/3 on the bed surface and cover 1/3 over the seeds. At sowing, water thoroughly to saturate the bottom soil; after the water seeps in, cover with a layer of fine soil (or medicated soil), evenly broadcast the seeds on the bed surface, and cover with 0.6-0.8 cm of soil. For open-field summer and autumn seedling raising, use small and medium-sized arched sheds, covered with shade nets or old film to shade and protect from rain. Lay straw on the ground. When the seedlings reach the 2-leaf stage, transplant them into nutritional pots. After transplanting, do not water the seedbed soil unless it is dry; when watering, use light watering or spraying. Water thoroughly 7 days before field planting, and firm the seedlings 1-2 days later. After transplanting, use shade nets to prevent sunscald, and if conditions permit, also install 20-mesh insect-proof nets. Standards for strong seedlings: robust plants, 5-6 leaves, seedling raising period not exceeding 45 days. Leaves thick and fleshy with abundant wax, well-developed root system, free of pests and diseases.

III. Field Planting

Adopt single-row planting on ridges. According to variety characteristics, climatic conditions and soil fertility, for early-maturing varieties: row spacing 50 cm, plant spacing 40-50 cm; for mid-maturing varieties, row spacing 60-70 cm, plant spacing 60 cm.

IV. Field Management

1. Seedling recovery stage: 4-5 days after field planting, water to help the seedlings recover, then combine with intertillage and hilling 1-2 times. In sheds and greenhouses, increase and maintain temperature; the suitable temperature is 20-22°C during the day and 10-12°C at night. Keep warm by covering with straw mats, installing small arched sheds inside, and other measures.

2. Rosette stage: when the seedlings grow to the disk stage, water should be controlled for a period, that is, seedling hardening, for 10-15 days for mid- and late-maturing varieties. After seedling hardening ends, apply 3-5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu combined with watering, and at the same time spray the leaves 1-2 times with 0.2% borax solution.

3. Head formation stage: keep the soil moist. Combined with watering, apply 2-4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1-3 kg of potassium fertilizer. At the same time, spray the leaves 1-2 times with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. In the late head formation stage, control the frequency and amount of watering. Do not apply inorganic nitrogen fertilizer within 20 days before harvest.