Common pests and diseases of magnolia and orchid planting, fresh-keeping, storage and transportation techniques

Cicada

The nymphs of the cicada suck the sap from the roots of flowers in the soil, while the adults pierce and suck the sap from the main leaves. The female insects insert their ovipositors into the branches to lay eggs, causing the branches to wither and die.

Control methods: 1. Kill the mature nymphs that have just emerged from the soil in time. 2. If the infestation is severe, you can light a fire near the tree trunk on hot summer nights, shake the branches to make the cicadas fall into the fire and be killed, and also kill the cicadas that fall outside the fire. 3. Apply boiled sticky tung oil or sticky balls kneaded from spider webs to the end of a bamboo pole to stick and catch the adults. 4. From April to August, inspect in time and prune off the egg-laying branches

2. Red wax scale

The nymphs and adults of the red wax scale pierce and suck the sap of flowers, and their excrement often induces sooty mold, causing a layer of black mold or a thicker black film to form on the leaves. The whole plant becomes a black tree, the plant weakens, and it rarely blooms or cannot bloom at all.

Control methods: 1. In winter and early spring, remove some heavily infested branches while pruning. 2. If there are few or short infested flower plants, they can be scraped off manually in winter and spring. 3. During the peak hatching period of nymphs, spray 25% phosmet emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times dilution, or 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 1500 times dilution, once every 4 to 6 days, for 3 consecutive sprays. 4. When introducing flower seedlings, strictly quarantine to prevent bringing in the insects.

3. Cottony cushion scale

Control methods: 1. Manual control. Use your hands or tweezers to pinch off the female insects and egg sacs, or prune off heavily infested branches and leaves. 2. Biological control. Introduce and release natural enemies such as the vedalia beetle and Australian ladybird to prey on the cottony cushion scale. Chemical control. During the transfer period of newly hatched nymphs, spray 40% omethoate at 1000 times dilution, or 50% fenitrothion at 1000 times dilution, or ordinary laundry detergent at 400 to 600 times dilution, once every 2 weeks, for 3 to 4 consecutive sprays.

4. Red spider mite

Control methods: 1. Soak citrus peel in 10 times its amount of water for a day and a night, filter, and spray the plants. 2. Mix 15 g of laundry detergent, 15 ml of 20% caustic soda, and 7.5 kg of water, and spray the plants after mixing evenly. 3. Add 50 g of plant ash to 2.5 kg of water, stir thoroughly, soak for two days and nights, filter, then add 3 g of laundry detergent and mix well before spraying, once a day for 3 consecutive sprays, then after 1 week spray 3 more times, which can eliminate the second-generation pests; putting it into the soil can control maggots. 4. Light 1 mosquito coil and place it in the pot of the diseased plant, then tie the pot tightly in a plastic bag. After 1 hour of fumigation, the eggs and adults can be killed.