Main Broccoli Pest and Disease Control Techniques and Edible Mushroom Preservation Methods

1. Broccoli Pests and Diseases at the Seedling Stage

The main pests and diseases of broccoli at the seedling stage include damping-off, rhizoctonia rot, beet armyworm, tobacco cutworm and flea beetles. Use 95% Lvheng No. 1 wettable powder at 3000 times dilution for soil disinfection treatment, and use 2.5% Celest suspension concentrate for seed dressing before sowing at 0.1% of seed weight, or spray 58% Ridomil wettable powder at 500-600 times dilution for control in the early stage of damping-off; spray 10% Score water-dispersible granules at 1500 times dilution for control in the early stage of rhizoctonia rot. For underground pests such as flea beetles, spray the soil surface with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 2000 times dilution after sowing.

2. Agricultural Control Measures

Reasonable crop rotation, preferably paddy-upland rotation, or rotation with non-cruciferous vegetables such as cucurbits and legumes. Next, carry out seed disinfection and cultivate disease-free strong seedlings; before sowing, seeds can be dressed with 2.5% Celest. On the basis of scientific land preparation and reasonable close planting, water and fertilize reasonably.

3. Biological Control Measures

The main approach is to actively use biological pesticides and plant extracts, and also consider using natural enemies such as ladybugs, spiders and Trichogramma.

4. Principles of Chemical Control of Broccoli Pests and Diseases

Apply the right pesticide according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, use pesticides reasonably; if spot treatment is possible, do not treat the whole field, and if simultaneous control is possible, do not treat separately. Rotate and alternate chemical pesticides reasonably, do not increase the concentration at will, accurately grasp the appropriate control period, and apply pesticides at the right time according to pest and disease forecasts.

5. Principles of Disease Control at the Adult Plant Stage

To control broccoli sclerotinia, spray 50% Rovral wettable powder at 1000 times dilution in the early stage of disease and the early heading stage, with the last application 10 days before harvest; to control broccoli downy mildew, spray 72% Curzate wettable powder at 500-600 times dilution in the early stage of disease; to control broccoli black rot and soft rot, drench the roots with 45% amobam aqueous solution at 1500 times dilution in the early stage of disease. To control broccoli diamondback moth, beet armyworm and tobacco cutworm, choose 5% Regent aqueous solution at 1500-2000 times dilution for spraying, which also controls imported cabbageworm and cabbage webworm; to control broccoli leafminer, choose 75% Qianke wettable powder at 3500 times dilution for spraying. To control broccoli aphids, choose 20% Confidor concentrated soluble liquid at 5000 times dilution for spraying.