Fertilization Techniques for Edible Mushrooms and Control Methods for Bacterial Soft Rot in Clivia

Symptoms: It damages leaves and stems. Starting from the leaf base and stem, it spreads along the leaf veins, showing dark green water-soaked spots, after which the entire leaf becomes soft, rots and drops off.

Conditions for onset: Pruning on rainy days or when dew has not yet dried, or heavy onset when there are many insect wounds.

Pathogen: Erwinia genus, Erwinia carotovora. A bacterium. The bacterial cells are short rod-shaped, with 2 to 8 flagella arranged peritrichously. Gram stain negative, optimum growth and development temperature 25 to 30°C, maximum 40°C, minimum 2°C, killed at 50°C in 10 minutes.

Transmission route: The pathogen overwinters in the soil with diseased plant residues. The following year, it spreads via rainwater, irrigation water and insects, and invades through wounds. After invasion, the pathogen secretes pectinase to dissolve the middle lamella, causing cells to disintegrate, leading to leakage of water from within the cells and causing rot.

Control methods:

Pull out diseased plants promptly and disinfect with lime or similar. Prevent breaking or bumping that causes wounds during transplanting.

When necessary, spray basic copper sulfate suspension concentrate at 300 to 400 times dilution, or 50% copper cinnamate wettable powder at 500 times dilution, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder at 4000 times dilution, 77% Kocide wettable micro-particle powder at 500 times dilution, 47% Kasumin wettable powder at 800 to 1000 times dilution, 56% Kaoshan water-dispersible microgranules at 800 times dilution, once every 10 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive treatments.