Identification of Edible Mushroom Diseases and Key Points for Fine Cultivation of Fall Broccoli

I. Sowing and Raising Seedlings. Before sowing, the seeds need to be soaked. The seedbed should be finely tilled, clods broken up and leveled, with a thickness of 6-8 cm. Water the seedbed thoroughly first, then sow by broadcasting. After sowing, cover with 0.5 cm of nutrient soil and promptly spray with New High-Fat Film to increase the emergence rate. Cover with a shade net for 3-4 days, then uncover after emergence, or use other shade materials for shading, achieving seven parts shade and three parts sun.

II. Transplanting. When transplanting fall broccoli, the temperature is still high, so it is best done in the evening, with sufficient water applied at transplanting. For seedlings taken directly from the seedbed, the three-leaf-one-heart stage is the suitable time; for seedlings transplanted after pricking out, 5-6 true leaves is the set time. After transplanting, promptly spray with New High-Fat Film, which can effectively prevent evaporation of water from above ground, prevent transpiration of water from the seedling body, isolate pests and diseases, shorten the seedling recovery period, and allow rapid adaptation to the new environment and healthy growth.

III. Field Management. Broccoli has poor tolerance to both drought and waterlogging. It needs a large amount of water during the growing period, but its water requirements are relatively strict; in cultivation, the soil should be kept alternating between dry and moist. In the early growth stage of broccoli, it mainly grows leaves to expand the assimilation area and manufacture and accumulate nutrients for the formation of reproductive organs. Throughout the entire growth period, nitrogen nutrients must be supplied, especially during the vigorous growth period of the rosette leaves, where nitrogen nutrition must be sufficient. During flower bud differentiation and curd development, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. When topdressing, spray on the leaves, combining foliar topdressing with irrigation topdressing. Fertilization should be used together with photosynthetic nutrient film fertilizer (light fertilizer), a compound film that enhances photosynthesis capacity, nutrient substances and chlorophyll, is an advanced environmentally friendly plant fertilizer, and increases yield, color, leaf thickness and stem strength. It can help plants absorb large amounts of light fertilizer, light energy and light, is compatible with conventional fertilizers, and supplies nutrients for plant growth and development to the limit. One application benefits the whole year. Carry out 2-3 times of intertillage and weeding.

IV. Disease and Pest Prevention. The main diseases harming broccoli are soft rot, sclerotinia rot and black rot. Prevention should be the main approach, with crop rotation implemented, and timely use of ecological agents such as plant cell immune factors to enhance plant stress resistance, which can cause viral DNA to break and undergo apoptosis. With strong immune function, it induces interferon and active cytokines, inhibits replication of residual viruses, and promotes positive ecological growth of plants. Based on the disease resistance mechanisms of host plants and the principle of utilizing pathogenic virulence variation, it controls the reproduction of plant physiological diseases and infectious diseases.