Mushroom Fertilization Methods and Facility Orchid Large-Scale Production Cultivation Techniques

Orchids are an elegant and beautiful perennial herbaceous plant, with colors including white, pure white, white-green, and yellow-green: they have good ornamental value and medicinal value, so they are widely loved by people. However, orchid seed propagation has a low success rate, while division propagation is highly susceptible to infection and death, making survival difficult. In addition, orchid products produced by existing techniques are of poor quality and do not have the conditions for large-scale production.

1. Site selection and land preparation

Select a sunny plot with a total salt content below 0.5%, high terrain, good drainage, and loose soil as the planting site. Deeply plow the soil and level it with a rake, with a deep plowing depth of 30cm. Remove tiles, stones, and grass roots, crush the soil, level the land, and keep the soil loose.

2. Construction of the planting greenhouse

Build a north-south oriented greenhouse with a length of 20m, a width of 2m, and a height of 2.1m, covered with a 0.5mm thick greenhouse film. Set up a film-rolling device outside the greenhouse for ventilation, and install a drip irrigation and fertilization system, a spray system, a lighting system, and a temperature and humidity control system. Keep the greenhouse closed for 20 days.

3. Seedling cultivation

Select disease-free, robust orchid seedlings and place them into tissue culture bottles containing culture solution (the culture solution includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts zinc sulfate, 9 parts calcium oxalate, 4 parts urea, 2 parts tartaric acid, 1 part boric acid, and 100 parts water). Place them in the planting greenhouse for acclimatization for 10 days:

After taking out the orchid seedlings, rinse them repeatedly with clean water, then soak the whole plant in an 800-fold dilution of 40% carbendazim wettable powder for 5min.

Mark off a field at the edge of the planting site as a seedbed. First spread a 1cm thick layer of fine soil on the bottom of the seedbed, then fill it with a 1cm thick substrate (24 parts perlite, 20 parts vermiculite, 18 parts coconut coir, 15 parts river sand, 12 parts leaf mold, 10 parts plant ash, 5 parts fly ash, 5 parts feather meal, 3 parts worm castings, and 2 parts pine needles). Sow the soaked seedlings into the substrate and spray the bed surface thoroughly with water. During the seedling cultivation process, add 5 drops of nutrient solution to the seedling roots every 5 days.

4. Light treatment

After 15 days, carry out light treatment on the surviving seedlings whose leaves have not turned yellow or withered. Control the light intensity at 1200 lux, the duration at 6h per day, and the temperature inside the greenhouse at 22°C.

5. Transplanting and field planting

Select robustly growing orchid seedlings (the aboveground part of robustly growing orchid seedlings is 15cm long, and each seedling has more than 3 roots). Transplant them into the planting site, maintaining a plant spacing of 30cm.

6. Daily management

Water management: Mix rice washing water and clean water evenly to make an irrigation liquid, and spray it through the spray system. In April, irrigate once every 2 days; in June, irrigate once a day; after autumn begins, keep the potting soil moist;

Fertilization management: Apply organic fertilizer once every 20-30 days through the drip irrigation and fertilization system (the organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts wheat bran, 35 parts rice bran, 32 parts wood vinegar, 20 parts shell powder, 17 parts plant ash, 10 parts urea, 5 parts animal manure, 5 parts boric acid, 3 parts humic acid, and 55 parts water). Apply fermented oil cake once every 2 months, and after fertilization turn on the spray system to spray clean water.

Among them: the nutrient solution includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts bamboo vinegar, 17 parts seaweed powder, 15 parts gibberellin, 10 parts fungicide, 5 parts indoleacetic acid, and 24 parts water. The fungicide includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts garlic, 14 parts ginger, 10 parts bitter melon leaves, 6 parts citrus peel, 3 parts potassium permanganate solution, and 25 parts hydrogen peroxide. Mash the garlic, ginger, bitter melon leaves, and citrus peel into a paste, add 10 times the amount of water, stir evenly, and soak for 8h. Filter to obtain a filtrate, add the potassium permanganate solution and hydrogen peroxide to the filtrate, and mix and stir evenly.

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