Symptoms and Prevention of Koi Side Sipi Trematode Parasite Disease
Side sipi trematodiasis, also called closed-mouth disease, is caused by the Japanese side sipi trematode parasitizing the front part of the intestine of fish. The worm body is small and flat, nearly oval, measuring 0.53-1.3 micrometers × 0.21-0.52 mm, with small spines covering the body surface. The oral sucker is located at the subanterior end, followed by the prepharynx, pharynx, and two ceca of the esophagus.
The development of the side sipi trematode requires the mud snail, river snail, and spiral snail as intermediate hosts. Adult worms lay eggs in the intestine of the final host fish, and the eggs are discharged into the water with feces, developing into miracidia. The miracidia invade the intermediate host and develop into rediae and cercariae. The cercariae may continue to develop into metacercariae in the snail body. When the fish swallows this kind of snail, the metacercariae develop into adult worms in the fish intestine. At the same time, the cercariae have a migratory habit and can move out of the snail body and gather on the snail's antennae. When fish, especially fry, swallow the cercariae, the cercariae develop directly into adult worms without the metacercariae stage. The direct development of fish into adult worms by swallowing cercariae is the main developmental form of this worm.
The Japanese side sipi trematode parasitizes the intestine of fish. Large fish generally show no obvious symptoms. Inkoi farming, after fry, especially early fry within 3 days of entering the pond, are infected, the worm bodies block the intestine, affecting the feeding and digestion of the fry, so that they cannot obtain the nutrients necessary to maintain life, causing a large number of deaths. Diseased fry have a darkened body color, closed mouths and refuse to eat, are thin and weak, have stunted growth, swim weakly, and gather in the downwind area of the pond. A large number of deaths can occur 3-5 days after onset. The worm bodies in the intestine of diseased fish can be collected, stained and made into slides for microscopic observation and identification, or living organisms can be observed under a microscope.
Treatment methods:
(1) For fry and summer fingerling ponds, do not use fish ponds that have been used to raise adult fish in previous years.
(2) After fingerlings become diseased, Xiaoshi Baichongqing can be mixed with feed and fed at 0.3 grams per kilogram of fish body weight per day for 6 consecutive days.
(3) Use quicklime to clear the pond to kill snails, and splash the whole pond with a concentration of 350 mg/L to 400 mL of water slurry. When adding water to the turtle pond, block the water inlet with a fine-mesh net to prevent snails from entering.
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