A Detailed Guide to Disease Prevention and Treatment in Pigeon Farming

I. Respiratory Diseases

1. Avian chlamydiosis (pigeon ornithosis) - that is, chlamydiosis, mainly characterized by recurrent unilateral or bilateral conjunctivitis, spreads quickly, high morbidity, low mortality, squabs are susceptible, light green droppings may be seen, gradual weight loss, unilateral

or bilateral conjunctival inflammation, initially watery, later becoming viscous and purulent discharge. Eyes swell and may even go blind. Some have rhinitis, blocked nostrils, difficulty breathing and rales. Erythromycin and similar drugs can be added to drinking water

for treatment.

2. Mycoplasmosis - also called mycoplasma disease, or chronic respiratory disease, mainly characterized by severe respiratory symptoms in affected pigeons, more common in cold and plum rain seasons and during strong stress, squabs are susceptible,

the course of disease is long. Initially rhinitis with nasal discharge, later becoming viscous with blocked nostrils, open-mouth breathing, wheezing can be heard after lights are turned off in the pigeon house at night, foul-smelling exhalation, watery eyes, swelling and even blindness. This disease can be transmitted vertically through eggs.

Azithromycin and roxithromycin can be used for treatment; for stubborn cases add Shuanghuanglian or astragalus polysaccharide, and add nystatin to the health grit.

II. Fungal Infectious Diseases

1. Aspergillosis - mainly caused by pigeons eating moldy feed, squabs and young pigeons are susceptible, more common in plum rain season, difficulty breathing, reduced feed intake, in severe cases eye inflammation, watery eyes, diarrhea and weight loss. In the lungs

pinhead- to soybean-sized grayish-white or pale yellow nodules can be seen, when cut open the contents are caseous, flocculent mycelium can be seen, lung congestion, hemorrhage. Preventive measures mainly involve good hygiene, regular disinfection, not feeding moldy

feed. For treatment, use 5% glucose and 2 times the amount of vitamin C in drinking water, add medication to feed: toxin binder.

2. Pigeon candidiasis - caused by Candida albicans. This fungus widely exists in the normal digestive tract of pigeons; when moldy feed is fed, pigeon immunity declines, vitamin deficiency, long-term abuse of antibiotics,

poor hygiene conditions can lead to this disease. Characterized by white caseous pseudomembranes appearing on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, esophagus and crop, and sour-smelling contents in the crop. Nystatin can be mixed into health grit, used continuously for 7 days

, supplement EDA and Jian Ge No. 1 to improve immunity. When the flock is large, Mould No. 1 can be mixed into feed or drinking water.

III. Parasitic Diseases

1. Pigeon trichomoniasis - is a common parasitic protozoan disease of pigeons. Adult pigeons often carry the parasite without becoming ill; young pigeons become infected by swallowing pigeon milk fed by adults, presenting as pharyngeal type, visceral type, umbilical type, among which

the pharyngeal type is most common. Visually, the mucosal surface of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and crop is covered with a layer of easily peeled-off yellowish-white caseous material.

Treatment: for a single sick pigeon, first remove the yellow masses in the mouth with tweezers, use half a tablet of metronidazole plus half a tablet of erythromycin plus 1/4 tablet of nystatin. Oral administration twice daily, for 5-7 consecutive days. For the whole flock use water-soluble trichomoniasis powder, 1 gram per

2 jin of water. The whole day's dose should be concentrated into one drinking session, in the afternoon drink Gan Li Shu according to instructions, for 5 consecutive days. Drinking it for 5-7 days every 40 days can effectively prevent the disease.

2. Pigeon ascariasis - is a common parasitic helminth disease, especially common in group-housed pigeons and those that frequently contact the ground; mild infections show no obvious symptoms; severe infections cause weight loss, poor feather

growth, digestive and absorptive disorders, alternating constipation and watery diarrhea, often with pica, sometimes convulsions and head tilting and neck twisting can be seen, finally dying of exhaustion. Good environmental hygiene inside and outside the pigeon house, frequent removal of

droppings with harmless treatment, and regular deworming 3-4 times a year are effective methods to prevent this disease. Use levamisole, 1 gram for 70 pigeons in drinking water, finish within half a day, repeat once after 10 days

. After deworming, promptly remove droppings, pile them up centrally for fermentation, and spray 0.1% dichlorvos on the dropping trays and the bottom of pigeon cages to kill remaining worms.

3. Coccidiosis - this disease occurs easily in summer and autumn in the south, rarely in the north. Characterized by watery diarrhea. Sometimes with mucus and blood streaks, dry feet, sunken eyes due to dehydration, necropsy shows brown swelling of the large and small intestines

, congestion and hemorrhage. Contents are mushy, green or reddish-brown. Treat with compound sulfonamide drugs, but remember not to add anticoccidial drugs to feed for long-term prevention as is done in chicken farming.

4. Pigeon feather lice - parasitize in pigeon feathers, affecting pigeon production, egg-laying and hatching. Main manifestations: feathers break easily, fall off easily, are messy and lack luster. Mites parasitize in feather air sacs, respiratory tract and under the skin

, suck blood, damage feathers, skin, lungs, air sacs, causing pigeon anemia, itching and restlessness, stepping on and breaking eggs, abandoning incubation, weight loss, and also transmit pigeon pox and haemoproteus disease. Prevention and treatment: during molting period and before pairing

on a sunny afternoon, use Shi Man Ling to spray the pigeons, before spraying remove feed and health grit, spraying once every six months is sufficient. Afterwards spray 0.1% dichlorvos on the cage bottom to thoroughly kill worms that have fallen to the ground.

If external parasites are found on individual birds, lift both wings and spray Shi Man Ling once on each side (this method cannot be used for pigeons incubating eggs or within 7 days of hatching.

5. Oophoritis, salpingitis and peritonitis - in laying pigeons, follicles deform, become congested, hemorrhagic, reddish-brown or grayish-brown, and may even rupture; the yolk liquid ruptured into the abdominal cavity has a foul odor, sometimes

follicles shrink, are irregular in shape, golden yellow or brown, lusterless. When the disease lasts longer, intestinal adhesions occur, and the oviduct contains yellowish-white caseous material. During flock transfer, transport and catching, fright and pressure increase abdominal pressure

, poor hygiene conditions, the cloaca is contaminated by bacteria such as Salmonella pullorum, paratyphoid bacilli, Escherichia coli which invade the oviduct; or feeding too much fish meal, laying too-large eggs or double-yolk eggs, sometimes

the eggshell breaks in the oviduct, damaging the oviduct; lack of vitamins A, D, E, etc. in the feed often causes oviduct prolapse, dystocia, etc. Sick birds are painful and restless, eggshells often bear blood stains. The oviduct

frequently discharges yellowish-white purulent secretions, contaminating feathers around the anus, difficulty laying, drooping wings, ruffled feathers, some press their abdomen to the ground or doze. Necropsy shows follicular degeneration and deformation, congestion and hemorrhage

, necrosis or atrophy; oviduct edema and thickening, with large amounts of secretions inside, peritoneum inflammation, congestion and turbidity, in severe cases follicles drop into the abdominal cavity, forming yolk peritonitis, intestines adhere to the peritoneum

or abdominal intestines and organs adhere to each other; the abdominal cavity accumulates turbid fluid, foul-smelling or with yellowish-white caseous material. When yolk peritonitis is present, the oviduct wall becomes thin, containing abnormally shaped egg-like material

, with a non-smooth surface, the cut surface showing concentric rings. After treatment to promote egg expulsion, use a syringe to draw gentamicin and inject into the cloaca for flushing. Drink Luan Kang and Shuanghuanglian.

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