What are the three key elements to master in growing potted orchids?

(1) Potting soil. Orchids are perennial plants and require soil rich in humus, fertile and loose, with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. For potting soil, use leaf mold, yellow clay, sawdust, pig and cattle manure and a certain amount of compost, fully decomposed before use, and sterilized by sun exposure before potting. Orchids are most afraid of waterlogging and also afraid of drought, so water moderately and keep the potting soil moist, ensuring water and fertilizer are coordinated. Usually use decomposed rice washing water for irrigation, which provides both nutrients and water, benefiting orchid growth.

Orchid roots are weak, and improper fertilizer and water management can easily cause root rot, with branches and leaves wilting and turning yellow, and even plant death. To prevent root rot, first strictly prevent waterlogging in the pot, and second, if yellow leaves and root rot are found, promptly repot for a thorough cure. Take the orchid plant out of the pot, cut off the rotten roots, wash clean with clear water, soak in a 500-fold potassium permanganate solution for several hours to disinfect, then repot with sterile new potting soil, place in a cool place, and promote new root growth. For severe root rot, after pruning the roots and disinfecting, soak the roots in a 2% to 4% sodium borate aqueous solution or naphthalene acetic acid rooting powder solution for 4 hours, temporarily plant in fine sand, and after new roots emerge, transplant into pots.

Do not fertilize. Generally stop fertilizing when the flower buds begin to color, to prevent the petals from scorching at the edges and withering early. Do not expose to sun. Orchids prefer semi-shade; maintain sufficient scattered light daily and prevent direct strong light, especially during the flowering period place in a cool, ventilated spot to prevent flowers from fading early. Do not disturb the roots. During the flowering period, do not repot or divide, do not disturb the roots, water moderately to keep moist, maintain the normal absorption and metabolism of the root system, prevent flowers from fading early, and extend the ornamental period.