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Symptoms and Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Endometritis in Sows

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When sows are mated, artificially inseminated, giving birth, assisted during farrowing, or experiencing miscarriage, if hygiene is not observed or disinfection is not strict, bacteria can be introduced into the uterus, causing reproductive infections in sows. Among these, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus are the most common, leading to endometritis. During farrowing, surgical manipulation of the birth canal or partial retention of fetal membranes in the uterus can also cause endometritis. If the floor of the pen is not kept clean, or if the sow moves around in a exercise yard contaminated with sewage, bacteria can also enter through the vulva.

When sows are mated, artificially inseminated, giving birth, assisted during farrowing, or experiencing miscarriage, if hygiene is not observed or disinfection is not strict, bacteria can be introduced into the uterus, causing reproductive infections in sows. Among these, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus are the most common, leading to endometritis. During farrowing, surgical manipulation of the birth canal or partial retention of fetal membranes in the uterus can also cause endometritis. If the floor of the pen is not kept clean, or if the sow moves around in a exercise yard contaminated with sewage, bacteria can also enter the uterus through the vulva and cause inflammation.

When endometritis occurs, a dark red or brownish-yellow discharge flows from the vulva of the affected sow and sticks around the vulva, sometimes with a foul odor. More than ten days after farrowing, when the sow urinates, a large amount of white or brown liquid is passed. This disease makes the uterus unsuitable for the survival of sperm, eggs, and embryos, resulting in the sow being unable to conceive. In chronic endometritis, the affected pig generally has normal appetite or spirit; in acute endometritis, the affected pig has reduced or lost appetite, with a body temperature of 39.5°C-42°C.

The treatment method is to inject prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) 12 days after the pig comes into estrus, and then inject PGF2a again 12 days after estrus is observed. When estrus occurs 2-3 days after each PGF2a injection, first inject 20-40 IU of oxytocin intramuscularly to promote uterine contraction and expel the uterine contents, then wash and disinfect the vulva with a disinfectant solution, insert a disinfected insemination catheter into the cervix, and inject anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs into the uterus. For example, treatment with penicillin can achieve a cure. If the disease occurs during the postpartum lactation period, there is no need to inject PGF2a. If body temperature rises, antibiotics should be injected intravenously or intramuscularly, and 10-25 milliliters of aminopyrine should be injected intramuscularly, twice a day for 3 consecutive days. After treatment is complete, the sow can be mated when she comes into estrus.

Preventive measures are to keep the pig house clean and dry, strictly disinfect during mating and assisted farrowing, and after assisted farrowing, insert antibiotic capsules into the uterine cavity.

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