Technical methods for diagnosing bee diseases by observing bee bodies

Sick @#@255@#@ often appear dazed, slow to react, lacking vitality, unable to take flight, restless, resting on one side, or slowly rolling and crawling inside or outside the hive.

Head. A healthy bee's head moves freely; when it shows head shaking and scratching, it may have parasites such as bee mites.

Wings. A healthy bee has 4 intact wings that open and close freely and allow free flight; sick bees have incomplete wings, or trembling wing beats and loss of flight ability. Some young bees have curled wings, which is mostly caused by curled-wing disease; incomplete wings are mostly caused by bee mite damage.

Legs. A healthy bee has 6 agile legs and crawls quickly; if the legs are numb, rigid and ineffective, and crawling is slow or impossible, it is mostly suffering from paralysis disease.

Back and abdomen. A healthy bee's back and abdomen are densely covered with fine hairs, and its segments can frequently stretch and contract rhythmically; the color is bright and the body surface is dry. The abdomen of a sick bee appears swollen or shrunken, cannot stretch and contract freely, the fine hairs fall off, the hair color becomes dull or black, and the body surface is moist, sometimes as if soaked in oil; this is mostly a typical symptom of paralysis disease.

Dead bees. Healthy bees generally do not die inside the hive, and rarely die around the hive. If during the overwintering period a large number of dead bees are found at the bottom of the hive, and the bee bodies become darker, soft, and give off a foul odor, it is very likely caused by typhus or blood loss. If during the honey-collecting season dead bees are found around the hive with both wings turned backward and the abdomen curved inward, it is caused by pesticide poisoning.