What are the new treatments for swine necrotic dermatitis?
Epidemiological characteristics: Swine necrotic dermatitis, caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, is highly contagious. In the hot and humid season each year, piglets, growing pigs, boars and sows are all susceptible to this disease. It often affects an entire litter or herd, with piglets and sows infecting each other, though sows transmit it to piglets more often. At the onset, systemic symptoms are not obvious; in severe cases there is elevated body temperature, reduced appetite or complete loss of appetite, emaciation, and death often results from cachexia, causing considerable harm to @#@227@#@ industry. Disease characteristics: First, rice-grain-sized red papules appear on the body surface skin, often with itching; the papules then develop into nodules with dry scabs, hard and swollen. Subsequently, the subcutaneous tissue becomes necrotic and ulcerated and spreads rapidly, forming cystic necrotic foci; the affected area loses hair, exudes fluid, and the skin color turns white; tissue within the foci becomes necrotic and liquefied, forming a grayish-yellow or grayish-brown foul-smelling wound fluid that eventually ruptures and drains out, but the wound edges are irregular and the wound base is uneven; these necrotic foci usually occur in 4 to 5 places, sometimes a dozen or more, and may even cover the entire body.
In a few affected pigs, the lesions can extend deep to the muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones, causing abdominal perforation and thoracic perforation; some have sloughing of the extremities; others have dry necrosis of the ears and tail; finally these slough off from their edges.
The above lesions mostly occur on the sides of the body, the buttocks and the neck of pigs; in sows they can also occur as necrosis of the nipple and udder skin, and even necrosis of the mammary gland.
New treatment plan:
1. For pigs in a group, immediately isolate the affected pigs.
2. Local treatment. Rinse the necrotic foci on the affected pig's body surface with warm water, break open the necrotic foci with a brush, remove the necrotic tissue, then use a syringe fitted with a No. 6 intramuscular injection needle to draw up 0.1% PP water and spray it onto the necrotic lesions. Because the affected pig is itching, it does not resist during treatment.
3. Administer sulfonamide drugs by enema. The first dose is 0.2 g per kg of body weight, and the maintenance dose is 0.14 g/kg, twice a day for three consecutive days. Procedure: Use a small stomach tube to slowly infuse cool water into the pig's rectum to clear feces and lower body temperature; after the water in the rectum has drained completely, crush sulfadiazine tablets, dissolve them in 150 mL of warm water and slowly infuse the solution deep into the rectum; after a short pause, use 50 mL of warm water to flush the residual medicinal liquid into the rectum; then press the base of the tail, withdraw the stomach tube after 30 minutes, continue pressing the base of the tail for 1 hour and then release it, allowing the pig to move freely. Intramuscular injection of 10% sulfonamide injection can be used for prevention.
4. Symptomatic treatment. Use oxytetracycline hydrochloride injection, analgin injection, etc. for intramuscular injection.
5. Note the differentiation from sarcoptic mange. Swine sarcoptic mange mostly occurs in pigs under 5 months of age, starting from the head and then affecting the ears and eyes; due to rubbing and itching, there is bleeding, scabbing and severe hair loss, and the epidermis turns white with deep cracks; collecting lesion material and finding the mites can confirm the diagnosis. It is a parasitic disease.