Introduction to Pollution-Free Production Techniques for Jasmine
I. Site Selection
Pollution-free jasmine, like organic jasmine, is produced in unpolluted places. Although the requirements are not as strict as those for organic jasmine, its production environment has specific requirements for soil, water sources, atmosphere and ecology. Therefore, the garden site @#@185@#@ must be far away from urban areas, residential areas, factories and mines, and main highway routes, and must be a place with fresh air and clean water sources.
II. Production Management
For pest and disease control, the focus should be on winter protection and pruning to clean the garden.
(1) Winter protection From the eleventh to the twelfth lunar month, take advantage of rising temperatures, when pests come out to activity and their resistance is relatively weak, spray 1-2 times with 500-600 times lime sulfur mixture or 300-500 times orchard cleaner to reduce the overwintering pest and disease base.
(2) Pruning to clean the garden The suitable pruning time is before Qingming or one week after Qingming. For jasmine planting areas aged 8 years or more, low-position renewal should be adopted. For spring pruning, leave 15-20 cm stubs, and control the first flush length at 15-20 cm, so that the second flush grows at staggered positions, with an open tree shape and good light transmission, creating a high-yielding plant shape that is favorable for flower formation and blooming; old and weak gardens can be renewed by stooling to make them "young again." The method is: use pruning shears to cut off all stems and branches at ground level or 3-5 cm above the ground, then properly earth up the soil; for gardens aged under 8 years, leave 20-30 cm stubs in spring.
After pruning is completed, clean the garden immediately, gather dead branches and fallen leaves to burn, compost, or carry them out of the garden. Then spray 500-600 times lime sulfur mixture or 300-500 times orchard cleaner to kill overwintering pest sources.
(3) Trapping and killing pests Use black lights combined with releasing natural enemies to trap and kill pests, which can reduce the pest base. At the same time, through the daily data of moths trapped and killed by black lights, grasp the peak periods of pest egg-laying and hatching, thereby laying the foundation for chemical control.
(4) Chemical control Based on the moth-trapping data from black lights, within 2-3 days during the peak pest period, use botanical, mineral, or microbial pesticides, such as nicotine, rotenone, matrine, dimehypo, Bacillus thuringiensis, or 50 times formalin solution, or 40% quintozene for root application and irrigation; Trichoderma harzianum can also be used for control.
Fertilization Management According to the growth requirements of jasmine, 60% of the total fertilizer required by jasmine plants for the whole year must be applied before early April, and 40% is used to maintain the plants during the ebb of each major flowering tide.
(1) After early spring pruning and garden cleaning, apply 150 kg of special fertilizer per mu in furrows, or apply farmyard manure such as poultry and livestock manure or human excrement after composting and decomposition in furrows, at 1000-1500 kg per mu.
(2) In late June and late August, apply 50-75 kg of special fertilizer per mu in furrows as topdressing in two applications; alternatively, about 7 days before each flowering tide, apply an appropriate amount of topdressing at a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 3:1:1.
(3) Combined with fertilization, raise @#@254@#@ between rows and spread grass mulch, such as green manure, composted rice straw, crop stalks, etc., with a mulching thickness of 5-10 cm. This has a clear effect on inhibiting weed growth, retaining water and fertilizer, regulating temperature, cultivating soil biological communities, enhancing soil biological activity, increasing organic matter, improving soil environmental quality and improving soil physical and chemical properties.
Topping and Cutting Back Topping, also called tip removal, aims to remove the upper part of excessive vegetative branches, prompting the plant to produce more new buds, increase branching, increase the number of buds, and raise yield. The methods are as follows:
(1) For jasmine clumps aged 3 years or more, when new branches grow 3-4 pairs of leaves after pruning, remove their growing tips; from May to September, depending on the growth of branch tips, appropriately top 1/3 of the new shoots.
(2) From May to September, after each cluster of flowers has been picked, cut back the branches to prompt earlier sprouting of new buds and growth of new branches.
Environmental Management In combination with pruning to clean the garden and weeding, improve drainage and irrigation facilities, isolation belts, shade trees, and the planting of trees along ditches. In corner plots, plant green manure, pigeon pea, vetch, and other crops, which on one hand protect the edges, and on the other hand can provide a source of grass and fertilizer for the garden, creating an environment with biodiversity.
III. Picking Management
The bud standard requirements for pollution-free jasmine are plump and uniform buds, mature development, pure white color, glossy, free of impurities, with a clean flower rate above 97%, and the content of immature green buds and diseased or insect-damaged buds less than 3%. Therefore, picking time must be after 12 noon. Picked buds should be placed in clean bamboo baskets (baskets) and must not be squeezed, to prevent damage. Freshly picked flowers should be promptly spread out in a cool, clean, ventilated place, generally at a spreading thickness of 5-8 cm.
IV. Transportation
After fresh flowers are picked, they should be loaded and transported promptly. The loading and transport tools must be clean and free of odors. For those close to the processing factory, bamboo baskets can be used directly for holding the flowers. For longer distances, 1-2 bamboo-woven ventilation tubes should be placed upright in the center of each bamboo basket to help dissipate heat.