Key Techniques for Pollution-Free Cultivation of Edible Lilies
Lilies belong to the Liliaceae family. Their flowers are ornamental, and the fresh bulbs are a vegetable with high nutritional value and great medicinal value. Growing lilies is highly profitable. The pollution-free cultivation techniques for edible lilies are introduced below:
(1) Scientifically select the site and insist on crop rotation. Although lilies are widely adaptable and can be grown in many types of soil, it is best to choose plots with high terrain, smooth drainage, loose soil and fertile soil. Plots whose previous crop was pepper, eggplant or similar crops should not be chosen. Continuous cropping and repeated cropping on the same land are most taboo. At the same time, crop rotation must be carried out to help build soil fertility, reduce pests and diseases, and ensure high quality and high yield.
(2) Apply heavy base fertilizer and carefully prepare the field. Lilies have a long growth period and a high fertilizer requirement, so applying heavy base fertilizer is an important measure for achieving high yields of lilies. Generally, base fertilizer accounts for more than about 70% of the total fertilizer application. The base fertilizer is mainly decomposed organic fertilizer. Generally, 1500-2000 kg of fully decomposed barnyard manure, 500 kg of plant ash, 50 kg of cake fertilizer and 20 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, evenly scattered in the field before plowing, and deeply plowed into the soil.
Before sowing, 3 kg of Ludicongqing per mu is mixed with 25 kg of fine soil and evenly scattered over the whole field for soil treatment. Then level and harrow fine. Achieve "level, fertile, clean, smooth", that is, the field surface should be level, the soil fertile, the bed surface clean, and drainage and irrigation smooth. The bed width is 1.4-1.5 m, the bed ditch width is 30 cm, and the depth is 25 cm. Also ensure that the bed ditch, waist ditch and surrounding ditch form a complete three-ditch system to facilitate smooth drainage and irrigation.
(3) Carefully select seed bulbs and disinfect strictly. Select disease-free seed bulbs. When selecting, choose bulbs with bright color, tight clustering, robust roots and no pests or diseases. Medium-sized bulbs with a net weight of 25-30 g are suitable. Strictly disinfect the seed bulbs. Generally, soak the bulbs in a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim for 20 minutes, remove them and dry them in the shade before sowing.
(4) Sow at the right time and plant at a reasonable density. In our area, the suitable sowing period is early to mid-September, and open land may be sown appropriately earlier. If the previous crop is medium or single late rice, sowing should be completed before mid to late October. The density is 20 cm between plants and 25 cm between rows, with 12,000-14,000 plants per mu. When sowing, first open sowing furrows with a hoe to a depth of 5-8 cm, then spray the sowing furrows with a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim. Then place the bulbs according to the plant spacing and cover with soil or burnt soil ash, but be sure not to cover with too thick a layer of soil. Then spray with thiophanate-methyl and cover with plastic film.
(5) Cover with film after sowing and check seedlings to fill gaps. Covering with film after sowing preserves moisture, increases temperature, controls weeds, and also prevents heavy rain from washing the soil, so the soil should not become compacted.
After planting, lilies need 5-6 months to emerge. During the emergence period, work must be done well to break the film, ventilate and guide the seedlings out. The plastic film must also be sealed tightly to prevent weeds from growing. Within 1 week after emergence, check the seedlings and fill gaps, move dense plants to fill sparse areas, and also pay attention to clearing ditches and draining water to prevent low-temperature waterlogging damage.
(6) Cultivate and weed, and apply topdressing at the right time. Before emergence after sowing, pre-emergence weed control should be carried out, generally using dryland-specific herbicides such as glyphosate and butachlor. When the seedlings are about 10 cm tall, cultivate and weed 2 times in time. After budding, generally carry out one deep cultivation in early May, and pay attention to hilling soil. After the flower buds are removed, carry out one shallow cultivation, with a depth of 4 cm being suitable.
Topdressing should be applied skillfully, mainly with decomposed human and livestock manure and urine, generally 3 times. The first time is when the seedlings are fully emerged, applying 500-1000 kg of decomposed human and livestock manure and urine per mu; the second time is when the seedlings are 10-15 cm tall, applying 1000-1500 kg of decomposed human manure and urine per mu. The application method is band application, but it must not be too close to the plants to prevent "burning the seedlings". After harvesting the bulbils, carry out the third topdressing to increase fertility and prevent premature aging. This is the key period for forming a high yield of lilies. Generally, 10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and in addition a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves.
(7) Remove buds in time and control pests and diseases. After lilies bud, when the flower buds change color but have not yet opened, remove the flower buds in time, mainly to control the reproductive growth of lilies and promote the rapid expansion of the bulbs. At this time, be sure not to blindly apply topdressing, so as to avoid excessive stem node growth and affect the development and enlargement of the bulbs.
The principle for pest and disease control in pollution-free lily cultivation is "prevention first, integrated control". Damping-off and root rot are the main diseases of lilies. In addition to seed bulb treatment and soil treatment, Bordeaux mixture is used for prevention at the seedling stage, and a 500-fold dilution of thiophanate-methyl is used for control after disease onset. At the same time, the three ditches should be cleared, and drainage after rain should be done in time to reduce field humidity and lessen the occurrence of diseases. At present, the main insect pests of lilies in our area are underground pests, which cause relatively severe damage. Soil treatment must be done before sowing, and the farmyard manure applied must also be fully decomposed. If insect pests are found, phoxim diluted with water can be used to irrigate the roots for control. Leaves of Paulownia can also be used to cover the ground, and manual catching can be carried out the next morning.
(8) Harvest at the right time, grade and keep seed bulbs. Bulbils are harvested in mid-June, fresh lilies for market are harvested in late June, lilies for processing can be harvested at Major Heat, and seed bulbs can be harvested around the Beginning of Autumn. During harvest, strictly control seed quality, combine field selection with indoor selection, and keep commercial lily seed and seed lily seed separately harvested and stored, with graded storage. In particular, after harvest they must not be exposed to the sun, so as not to affect quality.