What diseases can fish vitamin deficiency cause?

1. vb1 deficiency can lead to symptoms such as loss of balance and darkened body color in fish.

2. vb2 deficiency can lead to lens opacity and fin rot in fish. Some reports suggest that albinism in Japanese flounder is related to vb2 content.

3. vb6 deficiency can lead to neurological symptoms such as convulsions and abnormal swimming in fish. It can also lead to spinal curvature. According to another report, when the balance between vb6 and protein is disrupted, the disease resistance of fish decreases.

4. vc, also known as ascorbic acid, when deficient, can cause spinal abnormalities in fish and lead to spinal curvature. vc is involved in the biosynthesis of collagen and gonadal sterol hormones, so it plays an important role in fish gonadal development, increasing spawning and hatching rates, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation reactions. It also helps alleviate various stress states and improve disease resistance and immunity. vc is involved in the synthesis of several substances. vc participates in the cross-linking of crustacean protein and benzoquinone to form the hardened outer layer of the shell, so shrimp deficient in vc develop black spot disease and black gill disease. If, when preventing and treating black gill disease in shrimp, 0.1% vc is added to the feed, it can prevent the condition from progressing.

5. When va is deficient, the typical symptoms are eye bleeding, exophthalmos, and abnormal operculum. However, when va is in excess, it can also cause abnormal skeletal symptoms in the fry and juvenile fish of @#@241@#@, @#@240@#@, Japanese flounder, and others.

6. As for vd, because fish can directly absorb calcium from water through the gills, current research is still lacking. However, according to reports, some scholars fed artificial microparticle feed lacking vd to ayu fry and juvenile fish and observed various deformed fish.

7. ve is the main antioxidant in animals. When it is deficient, various deficiency symptoms can appear, but the main symptom is obvious: the fish body becomes thin along the back. Pathologically, this is called "nutritional myopathy syndrome." This is because fish ingest feed containing oxidized fat, leading to oxidized fat poisoning and ve deficiency. In severe cases, spinal curvature can also occur. Studies have found that ve is related to the immune response and stress capacity of fish. When ve is deficient in the feed, the disease resistance of fish is significantly reduced.

8. Niacin is also known as nicotinic acid. When it is deficient in the feed, it can cause skin bleeding and increased mortality in fish.

9. Pantothenic acid is also called pantothenate. When it is deficient, it can cause rod-shaped degeneration of fish gill filaments.