How to carry out pollution-free cultivation of lilies? Detailed explanation of technical points

Selecting a pollution-free area for planting requires a good ecological environment, with no industrial "three wastes" or pollution from agriculture, urban domestic life, or medical waste within 3 kilometers around, avoiding main highway lines (more than 100 meters), and no pollution of irrigation water, atmosphere, or soil, meeting the air environment quality standards (GB3095-1996) and irrigation water quality standards (CB5084-92) stipulated by the state. At the same time, in order to reduce pesticide use, choose field soil where Liliaceae crops such as lilies, garlic, and leeks have not been planted in the past 3-5 years, paddy field (interval of more than 3 years) or dry land (interval of more than 5 years), requiring soil fertility above medium level, high organic matter content, and loose and well-aerated soil.

Select excellent varieties such as Longya lily and Yixing lily. Longya lily has white, flat-round bulbs that are tightly compacted; each mother stem consists of 2-4 small bulbs, which can each serve as 2-4 seed bulbs. The scales are 8-10 cm long and more than 2 cm wide. The lower part of the scale is thick and fleshy, and the upper part is pointed and curved, shaped like a dragon claw and colored like ivory. The general yield is 1000-1500 kg per mu. For use as seed stems, healthy and robust seed bulbs are required, with no insect damage, no disease spots, and no root rot; the seed bulb diameter is 1.5-2.0 cm, and the weight of 100 bulbs is 3-4 kg.

Narrow beds and deep furrows for land preparation. Lilies are prone to diseases, and disease occurrence is closely related to soil moisture and relative air humidity. Narrow beds and deep furrows for drainage can significantly reduce disease occurrence, thus helping to reduce pesticide use. After harvesting the previous crop on dry land, plow the soil and sun-dry the clods, then fine-till before sowing, and prepare the land at the right time. After harvesting late rice in paddy fields, promptly prepare the land. Make beds at a width of 2 meters (including furrows), with furrow width 30 cm and furrow depth 20-25 cm, and bed surface width 1.7 meters. At the same time, open main furrows and surrounding furrows well. Combined with land preparation, apply 1500-2000 kg of decomposed pig and cattle pen manure per mu (or 2000-2500 kg of farmyard manure), 15-20 kg of superphosphate, and 8-10 kg of potassium sulfate, and turn them into the soil. Prepare the land finely to make the soil loose and fine.

Sow at the right time. Dry land and middle-season rice fields should be sown appropriately earlier, in mid-to-late September; late rice fields, because the previous crop is harvested late, are generally sown in late October. Sowing too early or too late is unfavorable. If sown too early, encountering high temperature and drought weather makes seed rot very likely; if sown too late, the temperature is lower, which is not conducive to lily seed bulbs growing roots above ground. Use 300-400 kg of seed per mu, and sow at a plant-row spacing of 23 cm x 27 cm while the soil is moist. First open planting furrows according to row spacing, with a furrow depth of 9 cm, and broadcast 45 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu into the furrows. After mixing the soil and fertilizer evenly, place the seeds in the furrows according to plant spacing, and cover with soil to a thickness of meters. Cover the bed surface with straw, other stalks, or leaves

Pollution-free prevention and control of diseases and pests. Before emergence, burn the mulch to kill overwintering eggs. After emergence, pay attention to using 500-fold dilution of 50% phoxim to drench roots to control underground pests, and use 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim to control damping-off and other diseases. In rainy weather, attention should be paid to clearing drainage furrows to reduce the occurrence of root rot. When plants are 20-30 cm tall, apply 20 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu, dilute it into a thin fertilizer solution and pour it on, and combine with intertillage and hilling. Hill the planting rows up by 6-8 cm so that the bulbs develop in a soil layer 14-17 cm deep. At the same time, spray the leaves with a mixed solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01% borax. Remove flower buds at the budding stage and top promptly. Frequently use Bordeaux mixture to control late blight, leaf blight, and other diseases.

Do not use sulfur fumigation during processing. When the aboveground part of the lily withers and turns yellow in autumn, harvest on a sunny day. During digging, transportation, storage, and processing, attention should be paid to avoiding light, especially avoiding direct outdoor sunlight, to prevent oxidative browning. After harvest, promptly blanch the scales for processing. The main purpose of blanching is to kill biological enzymes and prevent enzymatic browning, so it should be done as early as possible. Peel the scales according to three grades and rinse them clean with water, then put them into boiling water by grade for blanching. According to the color change of white-yellow-white, when 60% of the scales turn from yellow to white, immediately remove them from the pot and dry them promptly in the sun. In this way, the scales can also be made white without sulfur fumigation.