Detailed explanation of key techniques for pollution-free lily cultivation

Lily belongs to the Liliaceae family. Its flowers are ornamental, its fresh bulbs are a vegetable with relatively high nutritional value, and it also has high medicinal value; growing lilies yields relatively high economic returns. The pollution-free cultivation techniques for lily are introduced below:

Scientific site selection and rational crop rotation. For lily, it is advisable to choose plots with relatively high terrain, unimpeded drainage, loose soil and fertile soil. Plots whose previous crop was pepper, eggplant or similar crops should not be chosen. Continuous cropping and repeated cropping are most taboo.

Apply heavy basal fertilizer and carefully prepare the field. The basal fertilizer is mainly decomposed farmyard manure; generally, 1500 kg to 2000 kg of fully decomposed barnyard manure, 500 kg of plant ash, 50 kg of cake fertilizer and 20 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, evenly scattered in the field and plowed deep into the soil.

Before sowing, use 3 kg of Lüdicongqing per mu, mix with 25 kg of fine soil, and evenly scatter it over the whole field for soil treatment. When preparing the land, deep plowing and fine harrowing are required to achieve "level, fertile, clean and unobstructed", that is, the field surface should be level, the soil fertile, the bed surface clean, and drainage and irrigation unimpeded. The bed width is 1.4 m to 1.5 m, the bed ditch width is 30 cm and the depth is 25 cm, and the bed ditches should be matched with waist ditches and surrounding ditches as a three-ditch system to facilitate field drainage and irrigation.

Carefully select seed bulbs and strictly disinfect them. When selecting seeds, it is advisable to choose seed bulbs that are bright in color, tightly closed, with robust root systems and free of pests and diseases. Medium-sized ones with a net weight of 25 g to 30 g are preferable. The seed bulbs should be strictly disinfected; generally, they are soaked in a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim for 20 minutes, then removed and air-dried until sowing.

Sow at the right time and plant at a rational density. Because climates differ from place to place, sowing dates are also inconsistent. In the Yangtze River Basin, the suitable sowing period is early to mid-September, and vacant land may also be sown appropriately earlier. If the previous crop is mid- or late-season rice, sowing should be completed in mid- to late October. The density is 20 cm between plants and 25 cm between rows, with 12,000 to 14,000 plants per mu. When sowing, first open sowing furrows with a hoe to a depth of 5 cm to 8 cm, then spray the sowing furrows with a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim for disinfection. Then arrange the seeds and cover with soil; be sure not to cover with too thick a layer of soil. After spraying with thiophanate-methyl, cover with plastic film.

Cover with film after sowing and check for missing seedlings to fill gaps. Film covering not only preserves soil moisture, increases temperature and controls weeds, but also prevents heavy rain from washing away the soil, so the soil should not become compacted.

After lily is planted, it takes 5 to 6 months to emerge. During the emergence period, work should be done well to break the film, ventilate and guide the seedlings out. The plastic film should also be sealed tightly to prevent weeds from growing. Within 1 week after emergence, check for missing seedlings and fill gaps, move dense seedlings to fill sparse areas, and also pay attention to clearing ditches and draining water.

Cultivate and weed, and topdress at the right time. Before emergence after sowing, pre-emergence weed control should be carried out, generally using dryland-specific herbicides such as glyphosate and butachlor. When the seedlings are about 10 cm high, cultivate and weed in time. After budding, generally in early May, carry out one deep cultivation and pay attention to hilling soil. After the flower buds are removed, carry out one shallow cultivation, with a depth of 4 cm being suitable.

Topdressing is mainly decomposed human and livestock manure and urine, generally applied 3 times. The first time is at full emergence, applying 500 kg to 1000 kg of decomposed human and livestock manure and urine per mu; the second time is when the seedlings are 10 cm to 15 cm high, applying 1000 kg to 1500 kg of decomposed human manure and urine per mu. The fertilization method is band application, but it must not be placed close to the plants to prevent "burning the seedlings". After harvesting bulbils, carry out the third topdressing to prevent premature senescence. Generally, 10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu each time, and in addition, a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves.

Remove buds in time and prevent and control pests and diseases. After lily buds, when the buds change color but have not yet opened, the flower buds should be removed in time, mainly to control the reproductive growth of lily and promote the rapid expansion of the bulbs. Do not blindly apply topdressing, so as to avoid excessive stem node growth and affect the development and enlargement of the bulbs.

The principle for preventing and controlling lily pests and diseases is "prevention first, integrated control". Damping-off and root rot are common major diseases of lily. In addition to seed bulb treatment and soil treatment, Bordeaux mixture is used for prevention at the seedling stage, and a 500-fold dilution of thiophanate-methyl is used for control after disease onset. At the same time, the three ditches should be cleared, and drainage after rain should be done promptly to reduce field humidity and lessen the occurrence of diseases. Lily pests are mainly soil-dwelling pests. Soil treatment should be done well before sowing, and the farmyard manure applied should be fully decomposed. If pests are found, phoxim diluted with water can be used to irrigate the roots for control, or ground can be covered with paulownia leaves and manual trapping and killing carried out the next morning.

Harvest at the right time, grade and keep seeds. Harvest lily bulbils in mid-June, harvest fresh lily in late June, lily for processing can be harvested at Major Heat, and lily for seed can be harvested around the Beginning of Autumn. At harvest, strictly control seed quality; seed selection should combine field and indoor work, and commodity lily and seed lily should be harvested and stored separately and kept graded. In particular, after harvest they must not be exposed to sunlight, so as not to affect quality.