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Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Bermudagrass Lawn Establishment Techniques

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This grass prefers sunlight and tolerates slight shade, is relatively cold-resistant, and when cultivated in **Urumqi, China, can overwinter when there is snow cover. Because it has a shallow root system and few fibrous roots, when encountering a dry summer climate, the tender tips of stolons are prone to dying off in patches. Bermudagrass is tolerant of trampling, prefers well-drained fertile soil, grows relatively quickly on lightly saline-alkaline land, and has strong invasiveness; under good conditions it often invades other lawn areas and grows there. In South China, a lawn established with this grass has a green period of 270 days, in East China and Central China 245 days, and in Chengdu about 250 days. In **Urumqi, China, it turns yellow earlier in autumn,

This grass prefers sunlight and tolerates slight shade, is relatively cold-resistant, and when cultivated in **Urumqi, China, can overwinter when there is snow cover. Because it has a shallow root system and few fibrous roots, when encountering a dry summer climate, the tender tips of stolons are prone to dying off in patches. Bermudagrass is tolerant of trampling, prefers well-drained fertile soil, grows relatively quickly on lightly saline-alkaline land, and has strong invasiveness; under good conditions it often invades other lawn areas and grows there. In South China, a lawn established with this grass has a green period of 270 days, in East China and Central China 245 days, and in Chengdu about 250 days. In **Urumqi, China, it turns yellow earlier in autumn, with a green period of about 170 days.

Bermudagrass is a perennial herbaceous plant of the grass family (Poaceae), with rhizomes and stolons, and linear, relatively small leaves. It prefers a warm, humid climate and sunlight. It has well-developed rhizomes and stolons, is highly invasive, and easily intrudes into other grass species, mixing, spreading, and expanding there; its trampling tolerance is excellent; its cold resistance and drought tolerance are among the best among warm-season grasses; it prefers slightly acidic soil, but can also grow on slightly saline-alkaline wasteland, with the most suitable pH value being 6.0 to 7.0. In spring, it turns green when nighttime temperatures are above 15°C, and in autumn it begins dormancy and turns yellow when nighttime temperatures drop below 10°C.

Establishment and Management

Bermudagrass can be used for general greening, sports field lawns, highway slope protection, and various soil and water conservation projects. Many improved varieties can be used for high-grade lawns such as golf greens. It can be established by direct sowing or by laying vegetative material. When propagated by seed, the sowing rate for hulled seed is 10-15 grams/sq m, and for unhulled seed 15-20 grams/sq m. Sowing is generally done from May to August, with a sowing depth of 0.6-1.2 cm. Emergence time is 10-20 days.

If Bermudagrass lawns are mowed with too high a remaining stubble height, a large amount of thatch layer will form. Therefore, to maintain a high-grade Bermudagrass lawn, frequent mowing is required, along with regular irrigation and sufficient fertilizer; the general mowing stubble height is 1.5-2.5 cm, and for some improved varieties the mowing stubble height can reach 0.8-1.2 cm. Bermudagrass has good resistance to both brown patch disease and rust disease; its absolute cold resistance is relatively poor, and growth is affected when soil temperature is below 10°C.

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