To achieve high yield and high efficiency in fisheries, these three measures need to be implemented well

To achieve high yield and high efficiency in fisheries, efforts should be actively made to optimize the ecological conditions for aquaculture and strengthen the construction of supporting pond facilities. Specifically, this can be done from the following three aspects.

1. Implement the renovation of old ponds

The old pond renovation project should follow the requirements of "ecology, circulation, health, and intensification" and carry out major engineering construction such as "desilting and deepening, pond shape transformation, pond embankment slope protection, pond ridge widening and tidying, and improvement of supporting water, electricity, and road facilities," with particular emphasis on removing the thick layer of sludge at the bottom of the pond so that the bottom sediment is reduced to about 20 cm. Through desilting and deepening and consolidating embankments and protecting slopes, the pond depth should reach 2.5-3.0 m, and the effective water storage depth should be above 1.5-2.0 m, providing sufficient space for aquaculture species to move around, achieving "broad water for raising big fish, deep water for high fish yield," improving the ability to resist aquaculture diseases and natural disasters such as abnormal climate changes and floods, facilitating mixed culture of multiple species and rotational capture and stocking, and increasing the yield per unit area of ponds and economic benefits.

2. Build new ponds strictly according to standards

To achieve high yield and high efficiency in fisheries, newly built ponds must adhere to high standards: the location should be chosen in a place with convenient transportation, no pollution sources nearby, sufficient water sources, fresh water quality, and flat terrain; the pond shape should be rectangular, and the length-to-width ratio should preferably be 5:3; the area of a single aquaculture pond should be determined according to different aquaculture species and whether operation is convenient, generally 6-10 mu (1 mu = 667 sq m); the pond depth should depend on the aquaculture species. For example, the pond depth for conventional fish such as the four major Chinese carps is about 3 m, while the pond depth for special aquaculture species such as Pacific white shrimp is about 2.5 m, and the inner slope ratio of the pond should be maintained at 1:2; the pond ridge width should be more than 6 m so that vehicles can reach every pond and transportation is convenient.

3. Strengthen the construction of supporting pond facilities

Complete supporting pond facilities should include water inlet and drainage systems, electricity, roads, aquaculture machinery, transport vehicles, management buildings, and other facilities. If supporting facilities are incomplete and water intake and drainage still need to pass through other ponds, the chances of spreading fish diseases will increase. Wherever aquaculture supporting facilities are backward or incomplete, aquaculture output is often not high and aquaculture benefits are low. Therefore, conditions must be created to strengthen the construction of supporting pond facilities. In addition, the "three aquatic plants" in the rivers and ditches within the water intake source should be thoroughly removed to optimize the pond aquaculture environment.