Detailed Explanation of New Techniques for Green Ecological Pig Farming

I. Feed:

Feed is an important transmission route for many pathogenic microorganisms. Feeding safe feed is the source of producing safe pork. The production of feed and feed additives shall be strictly managed in accordance with the law, monitoring and testing shall be strengthened, and prohibited drugs shall be strictly banned and severely investigated and punished. At the same time, the inspection and monitoring of feed raw materials shall be strengthened, and feeding feed that is moldy, deteriorated or seriously contaminated by highly toxic pesticides shall be prohibited. In addition, new green and safe feed and feed additives shall be developed. For example, planting pollution-free, high-yield and high-quality green feed, and using microbial preparations, enzyme preparations, acidifiers, Chinese herbal preparations and preparations extracted from natural plants approved by the national animal husbandry department. Farms should also be built far away from pollution sources such as chemical plants, pesticides, rivers and villages, and pollution-free feed and drinking water should be fed. China's new "Feed Hygiene Standard" stipulates the allowable amounts of harmful substances and microorganisms in feed and feed additive products. Arsenic, lead, fluorine, mold, aflatoxin, chromium, mercury, cadmium, cyanide, nitrite, gossypol, isothiocyanate, oxazolidine thione, BHC, DDT and total bacterial count in feed must not exceed the standards, and Salmonella must not be detected. Among trace elements, strict restrictions have been placed on copper. That is, the copper content per kilogram of compound feed shall not be higher than 250 mg for pigs weighing less than 30 kg; not higher than 150 mg for pigs weighing 30-60 kg; and not higher than 25 mg for pigs weighing more than 60 kg.

II. Feed additives:

In order to standardize the rational use of feed drug additives and prevent abuse of feed drug additives, China's Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Specifications for the Use of Feed Drug Additives" in 2001, stipulating the feed drug additives currently allowed for use, including dinitolmide, maduramicin ammonium, nicarbazin, ethopabate, narasin, semduramicin sodium, halofuginone hydrobromide, robenidine hydrochloride, amprolium hydrochloride, ethopabate, sulfaquinoxaline, clopidol, hainanmycin sodium, seduramycin sodium, diclazuril, compound sodium nitrophenolate, arsanilic acid, roxarsone, monensin sodium, bacitracin zinc, flavomycin, virginiamycin, olaquindox, nosiheptide, avilamycin, salinomycin sodium, colistin sulfate, oregano oil, kitasamycin, oxytetracycline calcium, chlortetracycline and enramycin premix, 33 types in total. The above products must indicate on the product label the name, content, scope of application, withdrawal period and precautions of the veterinary drug ingredients contained. The Ministry of Agriculture has also approved feed drug additives that are used to prevent and treat animal diseases and have specified treatment courses, and are only administered through mixed feeding. Farms and breeders must purchase them with a veterinary prescription. The Ministry of Agriculture also clearly stipulates that veterinary bulk drugs must not be directly added to feed for use, and must be made into premixes before they can be added to feed. Except for the feed drug additives currently allowed for use and those that the Ministry of Agriculture approves in the future for addition to feed, no other veterinary drug products may be added to feed for use.

III. Drinking water:

Harmful microorganisms exist widely in drinking water and survive for a long time in water. For example, Escherichia coli can survive in distilled water for 24-72 days, necrobacillus and tuberculosis bacillus can survive in river water for 183 days and 5 months respectively, and glanders bacillus can survive in sterile water for 1 year. Therefore, disinfection treatment of drinking water is very important. Water samples should often be sent to relevant departments for microbiological and water quality testing, and drinking water disinfection should be persisted throughout the year using bleaching powder, potassium permanganate, baidusha, etc. The water quality standards for livestock and poultry drinking water shall be met. The water color, turbidity, total hardness, pH, total dissolved solids, chloride and sulfate in the sensory properties and general chemical indicators, the total coliform count in the bacteriological indicators, and the fluoride, cyanide, total arsenic, total mercury, copper, chromium, cadmium and nitrate in the toxicological indicators must not exceed the standard values, and there must be no peculiar smell, visible substances to the naked eye, or pesticides such as malathion, demeton, methyl parathion, dimethoate, lindane, chlorothalonil and carbaryl 2,4-D, so as to ensure the hygiene and safety of drinking water.

IV. Veterinary drugs:

The most serious problem at present is excessive and abusive use of drugs, which not only causes great waste, but also causes poisoning death and drug residues due to improper medication. It will have a certain impact on both producers and consumers. Of course, once pigs become ill, on the basis of a clear diagnosis, symptomatic treatment should be given, and the dosage should be according to the drug instructions. Or it is also permissible to slightly increase the dosage because a certain drug has developed some drug resistance. However, the drugs used should conform to the national "Veterinary Pharmacopoeia", "Veterinary Drug Specifications" and "Veterinary Drug Quality Standards", and antibiotic drugs and hormone drugs should be used as little as possible or not at all. Fake and inferior veterinary drugs, anesthetics, stimulants, chemical immobilizing agents, skeletal muscle relaxants, veterinary drugs produced by genetic engineering methods without approval from the national animal husbandry and veterinary department, and veterinary drugs not approved by the Ministry of Agriculture or already announced as obsolete are prohibited. For permitted veterinary drugs, they should all be used strictly according to the usage and dosage. Here I remind colleagues that in the past it was relatively common to neglect compliance with withdrawal period requirements. Among the antiparasitic and antibiotic drugs currently allowed for use, 19 drugs including amitraz have been given withdrawal periods of 2-45 days, and should be stopped before slaughter to reduce drug residues and improve pork quality.

V. Environment:

Environmental hygiene and safety are important measures for developing green ecological pig farming. First, the management of the pig farm and surrounding environment should be strengthened. Pens should be cleaned daily to maintain cleanliness and hygiene, with good ventilation, and regular disinfection inside and outside the barns. Rats, flies and mosquitoes should be killed. Manure and waste should be transported outside the farm for sealed mud fermentation treatment to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the manure and reduce soil pollution. Urine and sewage should be discharged through underground drains to sewage treatment ponds outside the farm, and biogas can also be produced from manure and urine. Second, during the entire process of transportation, slaughter inspection, meat processing, packaging, @#@136@#@ and even household storage and cooking, contamination by pathogenic microorganisms and the flow of water-injected meat and dead or diseased meat into the market must be strictly prevented to ensure that consumers can eat safe meat.