Detailed explanation of fish medication techniques, teaching you to use drugs scientifically

After falling ill, aquatic animals generally reduce their food intake, and often appear swimming alone away from the group or climbing onto the shore and into the water grass. For groups of aquatic animals with severely declined appetite, even if the drug is mixed into the feed and fed, only the portion of aquatic animals that have not yet lost their feeding ability can eat the medicated bait, making it difficult to achieve the goal of comprehensive drug treatment. When adopting the treatment method of feeding medicated bait, full consideration must be given to the food intake of the sick aquatic animals. The author advocates preparing the medicated bait according to the actual food intake of the aquatic animals during the disease outbreak.

Bacteria, pathogens, fungi and various parasites can all become pathogens of aquatic animals, and there is no drug that can cure all diseases. Therefore, before using a certain drug to treat a disease, the pathogen must first be confirmed and a correct diagnosis of the disease must be made.

For viral diseases, there is currently no drug for effective treatment. Once aquatic animals are infected with a virus, their constitution declines and their immunity is low, making them highly susceptible to secondary infection by pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, for aquatic animal diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, antibacterial drugs should generally be used for treatment. It should also be noted whether the aquatic animal has a systemic infection or a local infection, and different administration methods should be selected.

For various diseases caused by parasites, such as protozoa, large trematodes and crustaceans parasitic on the body surface, the whole-pond splashing method can achieve good results. When stocking fry and fingerlings, the medicated bath method can be used to eliminate protozoa. However, for internal parasites such as acanthocephalans, nematodes and trematodes parasitic in the digestive tract of aquatic animals, the administration method of feeding medicated bait must be adopted to possibly achieve relatively ideal therapeutic results.

Drugs that can dissolve in water, or that can dissolve in water after being treated with a small amount of solvent, can be used for feeding medicated bait, medicated baths, and whole-pond splashing. Currently commonly used dosage forms include powder, liquid and granules, in addition to tablets, microcapsules and injections. Among the types of aquatic drugs, powders occupy the main position, and their preparation varieties are also abundant. Liquids are also relatively convenient for aquatic administration, such as some common liquid preparations of insecticides (pyrethroids) and disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, formalin, peracetic acid). Because tablets take effect slowly, act for a long time, and are less irritating to aquatic animals, tablets can be chosen for disinfecting the pond bottom and when using powders would cause relatively great irritation to aquatic animals.

The use of microecological preparations is advocated. For the prevention and treatment of aquatic animal diseases, the author believes it is not necessarily required to wipe out the pathogens completely, but to require that their numbers be at a disadvantage. It is necessary to vigorously cultivate beneficial bacteria, and use beneficial bacteria or neutral bacteria or even some pathogenic bacteria in an inactive state to compete with harmful pathogens, thereby inhibiting their growth and reproduction. When choosing microecological preparations, attention should be paid to the following conditions: (1) They can coexist with the host, and should be non-pathogenic and non-toxic to the host. (2) They can reproduce rapidly and form a dominant population. (3) The strain has a relatively strong acid-producing ability. (4) They can produce antibiotic substances, making it easy to win in interspecies competition and thereby prevent the colonization and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. (5) It is easy to maintain sufficient bacterial count and vitality during the preparation process. (6) They are easy to use in combination with other bacteria.