How to formulate feed for pigs during lactation in a scientific way

Sows need large amounts of nutrients during lactation to support milk production. At peak lactation, a sow's milk production capacity exceeds the nutrients she takes in through feed and the nutrients lost through milk, so her body condition declines rapidly. Preparing high-quality, high-nutrient-density feed for lactating sows is the best way to resolve this contradiction.

Feed Formula 1: Lactation Feed Formula 1 in Table 4-3 avoids as much as possible the use of bulky feeds such as alfalfa and rice hull bran. In the design of lactation feed formulas, unknown nutritional factors appear less important, and this formula uses high-energy feed corn and high-protein feeds such as fish meal and soybean meal as much as possible, so that the volume of the compound feed is reduced as much as possible and the nutrient concentration is increased as much as possible. The formula also uses synthetic amino acids to further fortify the first limiting amino acid and improve the utilization efficiency of feed protein. To ensure milk quality, the amounts of micro-ingredients in the formula remain unchanged from those in gestation feed. Compound feed produced with this formula, when used to feed high-yielding sows nursing about 10-15 piglets, can achieve very ideal lactation and nursing results.

Feed Formula 2: Designed to be of medium quality. Its main features are that the digestible energy content of the formula is not high enough, and bulky feeds such as rice hull bran and wheat bran account for a relatively large proportion, so after being made into compound feed its volume also appears rather large. To a certain extent this affects the sow's effective intake of nutrients for milk production. Although the content of other main nutrients in this formula is similar to that of Lactation Feed Formula 1, effective intake will not be obviously affected. Therefore, this formula is more suitable for sows nursing about 10 piglets. If used for high-yielding sows, it may cause a relatively large weight loss during lactation and affect reproductive performance in the next reproductive cycle.

Feed Formula 3: The energy level is lower than that of Lactation Feed Formula 2, the balance between energy and other nutrients is not sufficient, and the protein content in the compound feed appears excessive. However, this formula fully reflects the characteristic of using plant by-product feeds, and is a typical example of compound feed for lactating sows. When this formula is used for sows nursing 8-10 piglets, combined with careful feeding and management, the lactation and nursing results are also quite good. If early weaning is practiced for the sows, it will not seriously affect the sow's body condition.

Section 1. Feed compounding for growing-finishing pigs

In production practice, some feed formulas with relatively good feeding results have been summarized, and their nutrient content per kilogram is basically close to the feeding standard for lean-type growing-finishing pigs. @#@227@#@ farms and pig-raising specialized households can apply them selectively according to the local area and their own feed sources.

I. Examples of formulas for the 10-20 kg stage

Formula 1, corn 48.6%, wheat bran 15%, rice bran 15%, soybean cake 15%, yeast powder 5.0%, calcium carbonate 0.8%, additive 0.2%, salt 0.4%. The digestible energy of this formula is 12.93% MJ/kg, crude protein 16.1%, lysine 0.75%, methionine + cystine 0.59%, calcium 0.59%, phosphorus 0.56%.

Formula 2, corn 48%, broken rice 10%, rice bran 10%, wheat bran 10%, soybean cake 10%, fish meal 8%, green feed 2.5%, calcium carbonate 0.5%, calcium phosphate 0.5%, salt 0.5%. The digestible energy of this formula is 13.10 MJ/kg, crude protein 16.1%, lysine 0.80%, methionine + cystine 0.48%, calcium 0.80%, phosphorus 0.67%.

Formula 3, corn 53%, wheat bran 20%, 37% rice bran 6.5%, soybean cake 19.0%, shell powder 1.2%, salt 0.3%. The digestible energy of this formula is 12.52 MJ/kg, crude protein 15.5%, lysine 0.76%.

II. Examples of formulas for the 20-60 kg stage

Formula 1, corn 59.3%, wheat bran 20%, 37% rice bran 6.8%, soybean cake 12.4%, shell powder 1.2%, salt 0.3%. The digestible energy of this formula is 12.52 MJ/kg, crude protein 15.9%, lysine 0.85%, methionine + cystine 0.55%, calcium 0.63%, phosphorus 0.64%.

Formula 2, corn 45%, wheat bran 35%, soybean 6.6%, rapeseed cake 8.0%, fish meal 4%, stone powder 1%, salt 0.4%. The digestible energy of this formula is 12.18 MJ/kg, crude protein 15.9%, lysine 0.85%, methionine + cystine 0.55%, calcium 0.63%, phosphorus 0.64%.

Formula 3, corn 37%, barley 34.5%, wheat bran 9%, rapeseed cake 8%, cottonseed cake 10%, shell powder 1.0%, salt 0.5%. The digestible energy of this formula is 12.56 MJ/kg, crude protein 14.4%, calcium 0.52%, phosphorus 0.44%.

III. Examples of formulas for the 60-90 kg stage

Formula 1, corn 38.0%, @#@245@#@ 7.5%, barley 31.5%, wheat bran 10.0%, cottonseed cake 5.0%, soybean cake 3.0%, fish meal 3.5%, bone meal 1%, salt 0.5%. The digestible energy of this formula is 12.73 MJ/kg, crude protein 13.3%, calcium 0.51%, phosphorus 0.41%.

Formula 2, corn 62.4%, wheat bran 20%, 37% rice bran 7.2%, soybean cake 9.1%, shell powder 1%, salt 0.3%. The digestible energy of this formula is 12.56 MJ/kg, crude protein 12.2%, lysine 0.54%.

Formula 3, corn 60.6%, rice bran 18%, wheat bran 10%, soybean cake 10%, calcium carbonate 0.8%, salt 0.4%, vitamin additive 0.2%. The digestible energy of this formula is 13.86 MJ/kg, crude protein 14.7%, lysine 0.53%, methionine + cystine 0.42%, calcium 0.67%, phosphorus 0.48%.