A detailed explanation of the guidelines for the use of pollution-free fishery drugs: scientific medication is safer

Although fishery drugs can treat diseases of the farmed fish, shrimp and crabs, because aquatic products will ultimately be placed on people's dining tables, attention must be paid to the safety of the drugs used to prevent and treat their diseases. To prevent harmful substances contained in aquatic products from harming human health, the Food Hygiene Law stipulates that aquatic products such as fish, shrimp and crabs must not contain antibiotics or synthetic antibacterial agents or other substances harmful to human health. To prevent drug residues, it is necessary to understand the correct methods of drug use and the withdrawal period. The relevant national authorities have issued the "Pollution-Free Food. Guidelines for the Use of Fishery Drugs", which stipulates the basic principles for the use of fishery drugs, the methods of use of fishery drugs and prohibited fishery drugs.

I. Basic principles for the use of fishery drugs

The use of fishery drugs takes not harming human health and not damaging the aquatic ecological environment as its basic principles. In the breeding process, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of aquatic animals must adhere to the principle of prevention first and treatment as a supplement. The use of fishery drugs should strictly follow the regulations of the state and relevant departments, and it is strictly prohibited to produce, @#@136@#@ and use fishery drugs that have not obtained a production license, approval number and have no production standards. Actively encourage the research, development, production and use of fishery drugs that are highly effective, quick-acting, long-lasting, and have low toxicity, few side effects and small dosage, and advocate the use of aquatic-specific drugs, biological fishery drugs and fishery biological products. When fish, shrimp and crabs develop diseases, medication should be given according to the symptoms, to prevent abuse of fishery drugs and blindly increasing the dosage, increasing the frequency of medication or prolonging the medication time. Before aquatic products are marketed, there should be a corresponding withdrawal period. The length of the withdrawal period should ensure that the drug residues in the marketed aquatic products meet the requirements of the "Pollution-Free Food. Limits of Fishery Drug Residues in Aquatic Products", and the addition of drugs in aquaculture feed should meet the requirements of the "Pollution-Free Food. Safety Limits of Fishery Compound Feed". Drugs or additives prohibited by the state must not be used, and antibacterial drugs must not be added to feed for a long time.

II. Disease prevention of farmed aquatic products

Fish, shrimp and crabs live in water. Once a disease occurs, it will quickly become epidemic through water transmission and often show a trend of large-scale spread, easily causing relatively large economic losses. In addition, sick fish, shrimp and crabs stop feeding as the condition worsens, and since aquatic products live in water, this brings great difficulties to treatment and isolation. Treating diseases with medicated liquid for whole-pond splashing, medicated baths or injections is very inconvenient, and some diseases currently still lack effective treatment methods. Therefore, the most important thing in the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases is to focus on prevention. Only by doing a good job in disease prevention can problems be prevented before they occur, losses be reduced and breeding benefits be improved. Prevention work must be carried out through multiple channels and comprehensive measures to achieve the goal.

1. Thoroughly clean the pond

The pond is the living place of aquatic animals. Whether the pond is clean or not directly affects the health and breeding results of the farmed fish, shrimp and crabs. Therefore, work to remove harmful organisms and eliminate pathogenic pathogens must be done well.

(1) Dry-pond cleaning: After winter harvesting is completed, drain the pond water, dig out a layer of silt, and expose it to sunlight and freezing for a period of time to achieve the purpose of eliminating pathogenic pathogens. At the same time, weeds on the pond embankments should also be cleared to inhibit insects from laying eggs.

(2) Chemical pond cleaning: This means using drugs to kill various wild miscellaneous fish and other harmful organisms in the pond that endanger the farmed aquatic animals, including parasites and pathogenic microorganisms, so as to create safe environmental conditions for raising aquatic animals. There are many types of pond-cleaning drugs. In production, quicklime and bleaching powder are commonly used because they have good effects and do not harm the water environment or the safety of aquatic products. No matter which drug or method is used for pond cleaning, due to differences in water temperature and the different tolerance levels of various aquatic animals to drugs, before stocking it is necessary to test with the aquatic products to be farmed (commonly known as water testing). Only after proving that the toxicity of the pond-cleaning drug has disappeared can aquatic seedlings be stocked in large quantities.

2. Strengthen feeding management

The occurrence of diseases in farmed aquatic products has a great relationship with feeding management and the water environment. For example, if the water is too lean, grass carp fry are prone to white head and white mouth disease; if the water is fertile but not fresh, farmed fish are prone to bacterial gill rot and enteritis; if operations are not careful and the fish body is injured, farmed fish are prone to invasion by bacteria, molds and parasites. Therefore, strengthening feeding management, doing a good job in the "four fixed" feeding, paying attention to changes in water quality, regularly using water-improving preparations such as "Water Quality Improvement King, Bottom Must Be Clean, Water Doctor" to improve the water environment, operating carefully, and preventing injury to the bodies of aquatic animals are important measures that cannot be ignored in disease prevention work.

3. Do a good job in drug prevention and immunization

For stocked seedlings, drug prevention should be carried out during the disease epidemic season. Drug prevention includes medicated baths for seedlings, whole-pond splashing of drugs, feeding medicated bait, and disinfection of feeding sites and tools. Immunization means using vaccination to make the fish body develop resistance to pathogens, thereby preventing or reducing the occurrence of diseases. For viral and bacterial diseases of fish, immunization methods can be used for prevention.

4. Do a good job in aquatic animal quarantine

When purchasing aquatic animal seedlings from other places, the aquatic or veterinary management department at the place of origin should do a good job in disease quarantine. Production units and individual producers should not purchase aquatic animal seedlings from epidemic areas, and should not purchase diseased aquatic animal seedlings, so as to ensure the smooth development of breeding production.

5. Do a good job in handling epidemic diseases

Once farmed aquatic animals develop infectious diseases, they should not be sold or transferred, and their water body should not be discharged at will, so as to prevent further spread of the disease. Drug treatment or disinfection treatment should be carried out in the original pond, and a report should be made to the higher-level competent department as soon as possible. Diseased or dead aquatic animals should not be casually thrown away, but should be buried in a centralized manner. Tools used should be subjected to drug disinfection treatment or exposed to sunlight to prevent the spread and transmission of pathogens.