Rescue Methods and Emergency Treatment Measures After Pig Poisoning

The causes of pig poisoning fall into two categories: feed poisoning and drug poisoning. There are five commonly used rescue methods:

Emesis is generally used for poisoning by drugs such as organophosphates. For subcutaneous injection of emetics, there is veratrine 0.01-0.03 grams, or oral emetic ipecac powder 1-3 grams (or antimony potassium tartrate 1-2 grams); if no emetic is available, a wooden stick or rubber tube can also be used to lightly wipe the throat mucosa to induce vomiting.

Gastric lavage: when the poison has entered the pig's body for 4-6 hours, gastric lavage should be performed. For hydrocyanic acid poisoning, a 1% potassium permanganate solution or 3% hydrogen peroxide can be used; for organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, a 1-5% sodium bicarbonate solution can be used; for zinc phosphide poisoning, a 1% copper sulfate solution can be used; gastric lavage is not suitable for corrosive drug poisoning, so as to avoid causing gastric perforation. During gastric lavage, rinse repeatedly until the washed-out water becomes clear.

Purgation: when it is estimated that the poison has entered the intestinal tract, purgatives should be given to promote the prompt discharge of the poison; generally, saline purgatives should be chosen rather than oil-based purgatives, because most toxic substances are easily soluble in oil, and using oil-based purgatives will instead accelerate the body's absorption of the poison and worsen the poisoning. Commonly used saline purgatives include Glauber's salt, magnesium sulfate, and others. When pigs suffer from salt poisoning, saline purgatives must not be used; instead, a large amount of clean water should be administered by drenching to reduce the salt concentration in the gastrointestinal tract.

Use of antidotes: once the poison has entered the bloodstream, the above detoxification methods are all difficult to effective, and antidotes must be used. For rapeseed cake poisoning, thin flour paste, soybean milk, etc. can be taken orally; for nitrite poisoning (also called swill-fed pig syndrome), a 1% methylene blue solution can be used, 1 milliliter per kilogram of body weight, injected intramuscularly or intravenously; for hydrocyanic acid poisoning, a 1% sodium nitrite solution can be used, 1 milliliter per kilogram of body weight injected intravenously; for organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, atropine or pralidoxime can be injected as an antidote; for alkaline substance poisoning, dilute hydrochloric acid or vinegar can be used for neutralization and detoxification; for alkaloid poisoning, a 0.2% potassium permanganate solution can be used to oxidize and decompose the poison.

Bloodletting: if the poisoning has lasted a relatively long time and a large amount of poison has already entered the bloodstream, while using antidotes, the method of venous bloodletting can be adopted for rescue, with 300-400 milliliters drawn each time. In addition, measures such as fluid infusion and giving a large amount of drinking water can also alleviate the condition through urination and sweating.