How to control the occurrence of silkworm diseases in silkworm rearing

Through practical investigation, we found that in the process of rearing silkworms, the insufficient awareness of silkworm farmers about the harm of silkworm diseases often leads to the occurrence of silkworm diseases, causing serious losses to production. Therefore, how to control the occurrence of silkworm diseases has always been the primary task in sericulture production.

1. Causes of silkworm diseases

@#@250@#@ is a high-density group rearing method, with a large number of individuals reared in a certain area. The silkworms' mulberry eating and excrement are also in the same area. Once disinfection work is neglected, or rearing management is improper, infectious silkworm diseases are prone to occur, causing spread and propagation. If diseased silkworms and pathogen contamination are not handled properly, they will contaminate the silkworm room, silkworm tools and the environment, bringing opportunities for pathogen infection in the next silkworm rearing, causing reduced production or even total loss. In the investigation, we found that the following problems exist in the disease prevention process of rural silkworm rearing.

1. Silkworm rearing disinfection is not thorough. Among silkworm rearing households in new silkworm areas, when they first started rearing silkworms, they only carried out simple cleaning and disinfection, yet still had a good harvest, so they thought silkworm rearing disinfection was very simple. Therefore, they developed a mentality of taking chances. In subsequent silkworm rearing disinfection, they did things carelessly and did not follow the disinfection procedures, especially being extremely careless about the "return-to-mountain disinfection" before and after silkworm rearing.

2. Problems in the selection and use of disinfection drugs. ① Not paying attention to the nature of the drugs, coveting cheapness, and ignoring their disinfection and sterilization effects. ② Not following disinfection procedures, resulting in very unsatisfactory disinfection effects; poor disinfection effect is one of the root causes of disease occurrence. ③ Poor storage of drugs affects their use effect. For drugs that cannot be used up at one time, such as bleaching powder, anti-rigidity powder, lime, etc., when kept for next use, they are often not properly stored as required. The drugs volatilize quickly and become ineffective when used again. ④ Inability to use drugs reasonably. Some silkworm farmers, when adding chloramphenicol to feed, often use veterinary chloramphenicol instead of silkworm chloramphenicol. In fact, the effects and absorption mechanisms of the two are different. Therefore, a good disease prevention effect cannot be achieved.

3. Rearing management is not done according to technical requirements. For example, not being accustomed to separating and picking out the green silkworms in batches, mixing large and small silkworms together; improper handling of silkworm excrement, randomly piling it around the silkworm room; casually discarding dead silkworms; casually piling used silkworm tools in the silkworm room, etc. This leads to the spread of pathogens and increases the chance of infection.

4. Cross-infection with diseases of insects in mulberry fields is also an important factor in the occurrence of silkworm diseases.

5. Pesticide poisoning occurs from time to time. This is mainly due to improper use of pesticides in mulberry fields and surrounding farmland, contaminating mulberry leaves and causing pesticide poisoning in silkworms.

2. Disease prevention measures

1. Popularize knowledge of disinfection and disease prevention, and implement technical specifications. In view of the current situation that silkworm farmers generally lack knowledge of disinfection and disease prevention, it is necessary to carry out planned and organized science education on disinfection and disease prevention, and teach silkworm farmers knowledge of disinfection and disease prevention through on-site demonstrations, training classes and other forms.

2. Adhere to the disinfection procedures, namely the correct disinfection steps of one sweep, two washes, three shovels, four replacements, and five disinfections. Prevent going through the motions and doing things carelessly.

3. Correct wrong silkworm rearing habits, strictly separate and pick out the green silkworms in batches, eliminate late-molting silkworms, and prevent horizontal infection. Handle silkworm excrement and dead diseased silkworms properly. Dead diseased silkworms must not be discarded casually, must not be used as poultry feed, and must be buried deeply. Silkworm excrement should be piled far away from the silkworm room, and only after fermentation and fully killing pathogens can it be applied to mulberry fields or farmland.

4. It is necessary to disinfect not only the silkworm room and silkworm tools, but also the mulberry storage room, mulberry storage tools, living quarters and the surrounding environment. Do a good job in routine disease prevention and hygiene work.

5. Store disinfection drugs properly as required to prevent reduced drug efficacy and lower disinfection effects.

6. Timely prevent and control mulberry field pests and diseases, and prevent cross-infection between insect diseases and silkworms. During the silkworm period, use pesticides with a short residual period, plan the leaf use time well, apply pesticides in sections, and pick leaves in sections, to prevent pesticide contamination of mulberry leaves and cause poisoning. When pesticides are applied in surrounding farmland, attention should also be paid to factors such as the residual period and wind direction at the time of application, to prevent contamination of mulberry leaves.

7. After the silkworm period ends, conscientiously do a good job in "return-to-mountain disinfection", promptly eliminate pathogens, and prevent hidden dangers.