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Calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders in geese caused by vitamin D deficiency

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Vitamin D (VD) deficiency, calcium or phosphorus deficiency, and an imbalance in the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio can all cause osteoporosis, resulting in rickets in young geese or osteomalacia in adult geese. This disease is a nutritional bone disease that can occur in geese of different ages, and clinically it is often seen in young geese 1-3 weeks of age. The main signs are stunted growth and development, skeletal deformities, limb weakness, weak legs, and even paralysis. When adult geese are affected, egg production decreases or soft-shelled eggs are laid. In addition, this disease can also trigger other diseases, often causing certain economic losses to the goose-raising industry. 1. Dise

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency, calcium or phosphorus deficiency, and an imbalance in the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio can all cause osteoporosis, resulting in rickets in young geese or osteomalacia in adult geese. This disease is a nutritional bone disease that can occur in geese of different ages, and clinically it is often seen in young geese 1-3 weeks of age. The main signs are stunted growth and development, skeletal deformities, limb weakness, weak legs, and even paralysis. When adult geese are affected, egg production decreases or soft-shelled eggs are laid. In addition, this disease can also trigger other diseases, often causing certain economic losses to the @#@232@#@ industry.

1. Causes

(1) Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps promote the body's absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Under housed conditions, especially during the brooding period, young geese cannot get sunlight exposure and must obtain it from feed. When the VD content in the feed is insufficient or lacking, it can cause VD deficiency in geese, thereby affecting the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and leading to the occurrence of this disease.

(2) Calcium and phosphorus are important macroelements for the body, participating in the composition of poultry bones and eggshells, and having multiple functions such as maintaining body fluid acid-base balance and neuromuscular excitability, and forming biological membrane structures. Geese have a high demand for calcium and phosphorus. Once the total amount of calcium and phosphorus in the feed is insufficient or the ratio is imbalanced, metabolic disorders will inevitably result. In addition, a reasonable calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is beneficial to the body's absorption. High calcium and low phosphorus or low calcium and high phosphorus in the feed will both cause metabolic disorders. The reasonable calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is generally 2:1, and during the laying period it is 5-6:1.

(3) The mineral ratio in the diet is unreasonable or there are other components that affect the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Many divalent metal elements have antagonistic effects. For example, excessive manganese, zinc, iron, etc. in the feed can inhibit calcium absorption; feed containing too much oxalate can also inhibit calcium absorption. (4) In addition, liver disease and intestinal inflammation caused by various infectious diseases and parasitic diseases can all affect the body's absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and VD, thereby promoting the occurrence of this disease.

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