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Rapid Propagation Methods and Key Technical Points for Taxus (Yew)

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(1) Seed collection and treatment: From the Autumn Equinox to Frost's Descent each year, that is, in September-October, collect ripe fruit or fallen fruit from robust middle-aged trees. Gather them at home (do not pile and compost them), then mix in an appropriate amount of fine sand and water. In a basin or on a washboard, rub the sand-mixed seeds repeatedly with both hands to remove the outer seed coat and wear down the hard inner seed coat, then rinse away the outer coat and sand particles with running water. Because the mechanical abrasion of the seeds makes them easier to permeate with water and air, it breaks the seed dormancy period. Then spread them out to dry for later use. It is best to sow the dried seeds within one week for the highest germination rate. The seeds can also be stored in sand until

(1) Seed collection and treatment: From the Autumn Equinox to Frost's Descent each year, that is, in September-October, collect ripe fruit or fallen fruit from robust middle-aged trees. Gather them at home (do not pile and compost them), then mix in an appropriate amount of fine sand and water. In a basin or on a washboard, rub the sand-mixed seeds repeatedly with both hands to remove the outer seed coat and wear down the hard inner seed coat, then rinse away the outer coat and sand particles with running water. Because the mechanical abrasion of the seeds makes them easier to permeate with water and air, it breaks the seed dormancy period. Then spread them out to dry for later use. It is best to sow the dried seeds within one week for the highest germination rate. The seeds can also be stored in sand until spring sowing the following year, but the germination rate will be somewhat lower.

(2) Seed soaking and sowing:

(1) Winter sowing: Within 1 week after seed collection, soak the treated seeds in a mixture of 50-degree baijiu and 40°C warm water (1:1) for 20 minutes. After removing them, soak the seeds in gibberellin at a concentration of 0.05% for 20-25 hours. This can induce the production of hydrolytic enzymes, causing the stored substances in the seeds to break down from macromolecules into small molecules, such as starch hydrolyzing into sugar and protein hydrolyzing into various amino acids, making them easy for the embryo to use, breaking the seed dormancy period, and promoting seed germination. For sowing, it is best to choose a plot with sufficient sunlight, convenient drainage and irrigation, and thick fertile soil as the seedling bed. Deep plow and broadcast compound fertilizer (80 kg per mu) as base fertilizer, harrow fine and level, make beds 1 m wide with unlimited length, and open good drainage ditches. Then sow the seeds densely on the bed, cover the seeds with fine soil 2 cm deep, water thoroughly, lay agricultural film flat over them, and then cover the film with 5-10 cm of mud and dry grass in a turtle-back shape to avoid rain and snow accumulation and seed rot, while also preserving heat and moisture.

(2): For sowing in March of the following year, germination should be accelerated half a month in advance. Before accelerating germination, the seeds must likewise be soaked in baijiu and warm boiled water, and must be soaked in gibberellin to break seed dormancy. During the germination acceleration period, the seeds fully absorb water and swell; once the radicle slightly shows a white tip, they can be sown. Sowing method: mix seeds and sand at a ratio of 1:1000. The sand moisture should be about 60%; it is suitable when the sand can be formed into a ball by hand and disperses when released. Spread it indoors at a thickness of 20-30 cm. After sowing, cover with agricultural film to preserve heat. Sparse sowing is preferable.

(3) Seedling transplanting and intertillage fertilization: Around the Beginning of Spring, check the seeds frequently. Once white tips are found, remove the covering, change the flat film to an arched film to preserve heat and accelerate germination. After changing to the arched film, pay attention to regulating temperature and humidity. On sunny days, lift the agricultural film on both sides of the arched shed to cool and ventilate, and spray water on the emerged seedlings every 3-5 days. After the seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, thin them and transplant sparsely on cloudy days, with a plant-row spacing of 10-20 cm. After the seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, thin them and transplant sparsely on cloudy days, with a plant-row spacing of 10-20 cm. Twenty days after seedling transplanting, weeds tend to grow in the field. Especially from May to August, carry out 3-5 rounds of intertillage and weeding. Weeds must be removed early, and intertillage should be shallow hoeing so as not to damage seedling roots. After each intertillage and loosening of the soil, apply topdressing once: 5-10 kg of urea per mu and 3-5 kg of potassium chloride mixed with water, and foliar fertilizer may also be sprayed. After emergence in spring, after 2-3 quarters of cultivation, the seedlings can grow to 30-50 cm tall and can be lifted from the nursery in winter or spring for transplanting and afforestation. If grown in pots, when they reach 10 cm they can be transplanted with roots and soil.

(4) Pest and disease control: In the wild state, Taxus (yew) has strong stress resistance, with very few pests and diseases. Occasionally aphids or spiders spinning webs occur, which can be sprayed and killed with general pesticides, in the same way as general pest and disease control for fir and pine.

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