How to raise meat dogs well? Master the key points of scientific breeding technology

The whole dog is a treasure, especially the meat dog, which has relatively high economic value. In recent years, meat dog farmers have been constantly emerging. However, due to a lack of knowledge about feeding management and epidemic prevention and disease control, large numbers of dogs have died, causing heavy losses. According to a survey of 10 meat dog farming households, the mortality rate was above 60% in all cases. In view of this, the author specifically introduces measures for how to raise meat dogs well, for reference only.

1 Feeding environment

Dogs are animals that love cleanliness, love basking in the sun in winter, and love bathing in summer. Dogs have a strong ability to adapt to the environment and can withstand relatively hot and relatively cold climates, but the climate must not change too drastically; sudden cold and heat make them prone to illness. Dogs are accustomed to constantly moving, so there should be a relatively spacious place for dogs to exercise. Dogs are quite intelligent and quick to react, so they are easy to tame. There are two ways to raise meat dogs: one is pen rearing, and the other is tethering. We generally use pen rearing. The dog pen should be built on a hillside that is sheltered from the wind, faces the sun, has flat terrain, is dry, and has fresh air. Build a 2 m high wall with red bricks, set up an open shed in the middle of the yard, and use bamboo poles or wooden boards inside the shed to partition it into several small compartments so that the dogs are protected from sun and rain. Dig several pools in the four corners of the yard, spread some weeds in the pools, and let the dogs concentrate in the pools to defecate and urinate. The yard must be cleaned every day to keep it clean. Or use existing houses and make slight modifications, but the environment must be quiet, with sufficient light, air circulation, warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof and well drained, sturdy and safe, and convenient for activity. Pay attention to the sanitary conditions around the dog kennel. It should be far away from unsafe places such as toilets, garbage dumps, sewage pits, livestock and poultry farms, chemical plants, and cold storage, and should also be far from residential areas and schools so as not to disturb residents' lives. Factors such as feed transportation, product @#@136@#@, and epidemic prevention isolation should also be considered.

2 Master meat dog feeding standards

According to differences in breed, age, and individual dog, the food and amount required also differ. Although dogs are carnivorous animals, they can effectively use a variety of different feeds. This ability enables dogs to meet their nutritional needs from various feeds. Generally, the body weight of meat dogs is 15-25 kg, and they eat 300-500 g per day.

The feeding amount can be calculated at 20-25 g per kg of body weight. In addition, a small amount of cooked meat, meat broth, cooked vegetables, fish meal, bone meal, etc. needs to be supplemented every day. Meat dog nutritional standards: protein 17%-25%, fat 3%-7%, fiber 3.0%-4.5%, carbohydrates 44.0%-49.5%, calcium 1.5%-1.8%, phosphorus 1.1%-1.2%, and trace amounts of copper, chlorine, potassium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, iodine, vitamins, etc.

Compound feed formulas:

Formula No. 1 (puppy feed): corn 21%, broken rice 15%, rice bran cake 15%, flour 5%, soybean cake 14%, wheat bran 15%, rapeseed cake 5%, fish meal 6%, growth hormone and salt 0.5% each, bone meal 3%.

Formula No. 2 (young dog feed): corn 30%, broken rice 20%, rice bran cake 20%, soybean cake 10%, wheat bran 10%, rapeseed cake 5%, bone meal 4%, growth hormone and salt 0.5% each.

Formula No. 3 (adult dog feed): corn 25%, broken rice 20%, rice bran cake 20%, flour 2%, soybean cake 10%, wheat bran 10%, rapeseed cake 5%, fish meal 5%, bone meal 2%, growth hormone and salt 0.5% each.

A dog from weaning to 4 months of feeding in the pen consumes 59 kg of feed and can increase to 17.5 kg, with a feed-to-meat ratio of 3.4:1.

Feed processing and preparation, feed cooking. Generally, concentrate feed is made into a semi-liquid porridge paste. Green vegetables and root tuber plants are washed, chopped, and boiled thoroughly, then mixed into the feed together with boiled meat, fish meal, salt, bone meal, etc. Vitamin feed, such as yeast and cod liver oil, is added just before feeding. Dog concentrate feed can also be made into steamed cornbread or steamed cake. When making it, mix rice with a portion of white flour, and mix salt and bone meal into the concentrate feed to make it together. Meat and vitamin feed as well as green vegetables are made into soup and fed separately, which is more effective. Whether making porridge paste or steamed cake, it must not be undercooked or burnt, otherwise it will affect the dog's palatability and digestion and absorption of the feed. The general requirements for feed processing and preparation are: hygienic, preserving nutrients, liked by dogs, easy to digest, and not wasteful.

3 There should be relatively sound epidemic prevention measures

3.1 Quarantine and epidemic prevention When purchasing young dogs, a veterinarian or an experienced keeper must be present to carry out quarantine, and only dogs determined to be healthy can be purchased. General standards for healthy dogs: outwardly lively, quick to react, bright eyes, pink conjunctiva, strong physique, natural posture, flexible and coordinated movements, immediately standing up when someone approaches, light gait, agile and rapid. The coat is smooth, glossy, and not easy to shed; the nose tip is cool and moist; the skin is soft and elastic, etc. Carry out preventive vaccination: for dogs of unknown vaccination status, immediately vaccinate once with pentavalent vaccine after purchase, and vaccinate a second time half a month later. Strengthen epidemic monitoring, pay close attention to epidemic prevalence in society, and promptly adopt corresponding preventive measures to strictly prevent the introduction of epidemic diseases.

3.2 Strengthen management Keep the inside and outside of the dog kennel clean and hygienic, and disinfect thoroughly. Before each batch of dogs enters the pen, thoroughly disinfect the inside and outside of the kennel. The floor and walls inside the kennel can be sprayed and disinfected with a 3% caustic soda aqueous solution for half an hour, then rinse the floor and walls with clean water, and put the dogs into the pen after drying. Set up a disinfection pool in front of the dog kennel; people entering the dog kennel should change shoes and clothes. The dog kennel should maintain air circulation and a certain temperature; doors and windows should be opened and closed appropriately according to different seasons and climates. For example, when the weather is hot, all doors and windows should be opened to ventilate and cool the room; when the climate turns cold or the wind is strong, they should be closed or opened less. If the windows face north, they should also be blocked with wooden boards or straw mats in winter to prevent cold and keep warm. In hot seasons, when direct sunlight occurs, a temporary shed should be set up in the dog kennel activity area for shade, and the concrete ground should often be splashed with cool water to prevent heat and lower temperature. It is best to plant some trees around the dog kennel to play a role in greening and improving the environment. The inside and outside of the dog kennel should always be kept hygienic, and feces and dirt should be cleaned up at any time. According to climate conditions and the degree of contamination of the dog kennel, necessary washing and brushing should also be carried out on the basis of daily cleaning. In summer when the weather is clear, it can be washed and brushed frequently; in spring and autumn, wash and brush regularly, at least once a week; in winter, it can be reduced as appropriate or washed partially. The dog kennel should be disinfected regularly. Except in winter, dogs are most prone to disease in other seasons. Therefore, disinfection must be carried out once a week, generally by spraying the floor and four walls with a 2% Lysol solution. If a severe infectious disease occurs, a 3% caustic soda aqueous solution must be sprayed for disinfection. During disinfection, the dogs should be temporarily led outside, and people should also take corresponding protective measures and pay attention to safety. Half an hour after disinfection, rinse the floor with clean water, and after it dries, put the dogs back into the kennel. Keep the environmental hygiene around the dog kennel clean. Feces and dirt in the drainage ditch around the dog kennel should be removed frequently and promptly to prevent blockage. Feces should be centrally piled in designated manure vats or manure pits and covered. In summer, medicine water or lime should also be frequently sprayed in the manure vats to eliminate mosquitoes, flies, and insect eggs. Weeds and garbage around the dog kennel should be removed and transported away promptly to ensure environmental hygiene and prevent disease. A isolation room for sick dogs should also be set up in the breeding farm. Once a sick dog is found, it should be isolated immediately. A cremation pit should be set up outside the farm, and dead dogs should be burned or buried deeply. Adopt self-breeding and self-raising to facilitate the control and elimination of disease. Regular and preventive deworming. Because the congenital infection rate of dogs is very high, deworming generally starts 20 days after birth, and then once a month until slaughter. Levamisole can be used orally at 8-10 mg/kg body weight per dog.