Detailed Introduction to Immunization Methods for Various Pig Diseases

I. Immunization Methods for Rotavirus Infection

1. Attenuated vaccine. A porcine-derived attenuated strain, developed in China, attenuated through cell passaging; the diarrhea incidence rate of piglets born to immunized sows can be reduced by more than 60 percent.

2. Inactivated vaccine. Developed in China, this vaccine provides a protection rate of more than 90 percent in immunized piglets.

II. Immunization Methods for Swine Vesicular Disease

Developed in China, including attenuated live vaccines and inactivated vaccines. In recent years, inactivated vaccines have been mainly promoted and applied.

1. Attenuated live vaccine. Mouse-attenuated swine vesicular disease vaccine.

The protection rate reaches more than 80 percent, and the immune duration can last up to half a year. The disadvantage is low yield, making it unsuitable for factory-scale large-scale production.

2. Cell culture attenuated vaccine for swine vesicular disease.

The protection rate is more than 80 percent, and the immune period lasts 4 to 5 months. This type of vaccine has high yield, good immunogenicity, is safe, and is suitable for factory-scale large-scale production.

III. Inactivated Vaccine Immunization Methods

1. Hamster tissue inactivated vaccine for swine vesicular disease.

It is prepared by infecting hamsters with virulent virus, collecting the infected tissue, inactivating it, and adding aluminum gel adjuvant. Inject 2 mL per head; immunity is produced in 7 days, with a protection rate of more than 80 percent; the immune period is about half a year. This vaccine is safe with no adverse reactions. It can be stored at 4 degrees for 8 to 9 months. Protect from freezing.

2. Cell culture inactivated vaccine for swine vesicular disease.

It is prepared by culturing the virus in primary hamster kidney cells and passaged cells, then inactivating it and adding oil adjuvant. The efficacy test protection rate reaches 100 percent. Intramuscular injection of 3 mL per head; twice-yearly immunization gives better results, with an interval of two months between immunizations.

IV. Immunization Methods for Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Currently, inactivated vaccines are mainly used. For example, the swine type O foot-and-mouth disease cell culture BEI inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine has a protection rate of more than 90 percent; immunity is produced 10 days after injection, and the immune period lasts up to 9 months. In addition, there is a concentrated inactivated vaccine, but its cost is relatively high and it is not widely used.

V. Immunization Methods for Swine Pasteurellosis

1. Swine pasteurellosis 670 to 230 attenuated bacterial vaccine.

It is a freeze-dried live vaccine. Used for oral administration; injection is strictly prohibited. The immune period is 10 months.

2. Swine pasteurellosis C20 attenuated bacterial vaccine.

Freeze-dried vaccine, also used for oral administration.

3. Swine pasteurellosis EO630 attenuated bacterial vaccine.

Freeze-dried vaccine, diluted with 20 percent aluminum hydroxide saline, subcutaneous injection of 1 mL.

In addition, there is the swine pasteurellosis Inner Mongolia strain attenuated bacterial vaccine, for oral immunization.

The above live vaccines are all used to prevent swine pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida.

VI. Immunization Methods for Streptococcal Disease

1. Currently, inactivated vaccines are mainly used.

Aluminum gel adjuvant field inactivated vaccine.

Oil adjuvant field inactivated vaccine.

The immune effect of the oil vaccine is better than that of the aluminum gel vaccine. It can control the occurrence of this disease in the local area. Intramuscular injection; the immune period is about half a year.

2. Attenuated live bacterial vaccine.

Such as ST171 and G10S115 attenuated bacterial vaccine strains, among which ST171 is more widely used; freeze-dried vaccine by subcutaneous injection, with a protection rate of more than 75 percent and an immune period of 6 months.

VII. Immunization Methods for Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs

Inactivated vaccines are mainly used. Oil adjuvant vaccines have better effects. Generally, sows are vaccinated twice before farrowing, with an additional vaccination before parturition; piglets are vaccinated once at 1 week of age and once at 3 to 4 weeks of age, with an additional vaccination at 3 to 6 months. There is also a Bordetella-Pasteurella multocida bivalent inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine.