What are the comprehensive health care measures for pigs and chickens in June?
In the past, we mainly relied on vaccines and drugs to control diseases, but a large amount of practice has proven that this is wrong. Effective disease prevention and control must be a sound biosecurity system. In June, the comprehensive health care measures taken for pigs and chickens mainly include:
1. Heat prevention and cooling
(1) Heat insulation. Pig and chicken farms should be built in ventilated open areas, with a north-south orientation. In southern regions, open or semi-open styles are preferable. Traditional open pens with shade sheds or shade nets can effectively block sunlight and reduce the harm of heat stress to pigs and chickens. In northern regions, enclosed pig and chicken houses should be built, with roofs painted white or covered with insulation layers, and insulation materials such as sawdust filled in the ceiling to increase the span of the pig and chicken houses.
(2) Ventilation. Adjustable roof ventilation windows and ground ventilation windows can also be built, and house doors can be converted into ventilation doors to strengthen ventilation and air exchange and remove harmful gases. Planting tall trees on and around the farm can reduce sunlight exposure and lower the ambient and indoor temperatures. If natural ventilation by simply opening doors and windows cannot lower the house temperature, mechanical ventilation can be adopted by installing fans or blowers to promote air flow, effectively reduce air humidity, and carry away heat inside the house. Longitudinal ventilation is more effective than transverse ventilation.
(3) Spraying (sprinkling) water. Evaporative cooling is the most effective method. When the house temperature is too high, a hose or sprayer can be used to regularly spray water on the roof for cooling or to manually sprinkle water for cooling. In hot weather, spraying or sprinkling for cooling works quickly; within 5 to 10 minutes, the house temperature can be reduced by 5°C to 8°C, and it can also purify the air, but it will increase the humidity inside the house.
(4) Wet curtain fan cooling. The wet curtain fan cooling system is a relatively ideal cooling method that has emerged in recent years. When the wet curtain thickness is 12 cm and the air speed through the curtain is 1.0 to 1.2 m/s, the wet curtain cooling efficiency is 81% to 87%, and the house temperature can be reduced by 5°C to 7°C. The drier the air and the higher the temperature, the greater the cooling range of the air passing through the wet curtain, and the more significant the effect.
2. Improve feeding management
(1) Adjust the feed formula. Under high temperature conditions, in order to reduce the burden of heat dissipation, pigs and chickens will inevitably reduce feed intake, resulting in insufficient intake of nutrients such as energy and protein, thereby affecting growth and production performance. Therefore, feed ingredients with good palatability and fresh, high quality should be selected for the diet, the proportion of high-fiber ingredients should be appropriately reduced, and the crude fiber level of the diet should be controlled to reduce heat increment. Fat has a small volume, high net energy value, and low heat increment, making it an ideal energy source for pigs and chickens under high temperature conditions. Fat can be added to the feed at no more than 5%. Under heat stress, the protein requirement of pigs and chickens increases, so increasing the crude protein content in the feed can improve feed utilization and reduce the heat dissipation burden in hot seasons.
(2) Strengthen management. Reducing stocking density can lower the house temperature. Where conditions permit, automatic drinkers can be installed to provide sufficient drinking water and promote body heat loss. Changing dry feeding to wet feeding or using pelleted feed can increase feed intake. Increase the number of feedings, try to avoid feeding during hot weather, and feed at night. Manage feed storage well to prevent mildew. In order to improve sow reproductive performance, mating should be avoided in June. Synchronization of estrus can be used so that most sows are mated in seasons with more suitable temperatures.
3. Prevent mosquitoes, flies, midges, and rodent damage
Mosquitoes, flies, and midges are vectors of many infectious diseases and can directly transmit many diseases. First eliminate mosquitoes, flies, and midges by spraying with a (50 to 80) x 10-6 decis solution; then kill insect eggs by piling up the removed manure and covering it tightly with plastic sheeting to let the manure ferment. Normally, manure should be cleaned up in time to keep the house dry. There are many commonly used rodenticides. Sodium diphacinone is the preferred rodenticide for farms. The preparation method of its bait is: weigh sodium diphacinone, rice, and boiling water in a ratio of 2:1000:250, first dissolve the sodium diphacinone in boiling water, then while hot pour the solution into the rice and mix well, and use it after the solution has dried.
4. Establish an epidemic information early warning system
Keep abreast of epidemic situations in surrounding areas and domestically and internationally; establish a testing system (immune monitoring, disinfection monitoring, drug sensitivity testing); establish a daily condition observation system for pig and chicken flocks to keep abreast of the health status of pigs and chickens.