What are the commonly used types of organic fertilizer in fruit tree production?
Organic fertilizers, also known as farmyard manure, commonly used in fruit tree production include compost, pen manure, stable manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, river mud, poultry manure, human feces and urine, and miscellaneous soil manure. Most organic fertilizers need to be decomposed by microorganisms before they can be absorbed by the plant's root system, so they are also called "slow-release fertilizers" and can be applied as a base fertilizer...
Organic fertilizers, also known as farmyard manure, commonly used in fruit tree production include compost, pen manure, stable manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, river mud, poultry manure, human feces and urine, and miscellaneous soil manure. Most organic fertilizers need to be decomposed by microorganisms before they can be absorbed by the plant's root system, so they are also called "slow-release fertilizers" and can be applied as a base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the soil's water-holding and fertilizer-holding capacity, and improve soil aeration.
One, compost: made from crop straw, weeds, stems and leaves, tree leaves, poultry and livestock manure, and other materials, piled up layer by layer, and decomposed and rotted by microorganisms. During the microbial reproduction process, suitable temperature, moisture, aeration, and pH must be maintained to facilitate microbial reproduction and activity.
Two, pen manure and stable manure: includes the manure of various livestock and poultry such as pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, and ducks. It is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and is applied as a base fertilizer after fermentation and decomposition.
Three, human feces and urine: decomposed human feces and urine belong to quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, containing more nitrogen and less phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter, and can be applied together with quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The ammonia in human feces and urine is prone to volatilization loss, so it should generally be stored sealed. If 2-3% superphosphate is added, it can not only fix nitrogen but also supplement the phosphorus fertilizer in human feces and urine. Human feces and urine can be applied in furrows or holes, and immediately watered and covered with soil after application to prevent volatilization. Note that undecomposed human feces and urine can easily burn roots, so do not apply it directly.
Four, mud fertilizer: the silt from ditches, ponds, marshes, rivers, pools, and urban sewers all belongs to mud fertilizer. It contains more organic matter and is a slow-release fertilizer, and can be used as a base fertilizer for orchards.
Five, green manure: interplanting green manure plants between orchard rows allows fertilizer to be produced on site and used on site. It does not need to be piled or composted, and does not need field transport, which can save labor. The green manure crops between orchard rows are best leguminous crops with short stems, many tillers, well-developed root systems, and lush stems and leaves, so as to avoid shading the fruit trees.
Six, urban garbage: composed of melon and fruit peels, chicken and fish scraps, vegetable leaves, tree leaves, eggshells, stove ash, and so on. Mainly from households, vegetable markets, and road-cleaning garbage, it is a compound organic fertilizer. Its content of the three elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is similar to that of compost and stable manure, and after application it can improve the physical structure of clay and loosen the soil.