Crucian carp farming technology video, teaching you step by step how to raise crucian carp well

Crucian carp belongs to the order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, genus Carassius. Crucian carp has delicate, tender flesh and a delicious taste, and is rich in nutrients; it is a lactation-promoting tonic for women after childbirth. Crucian carp has a strong ability to adapt to the ecological environment and can tolerate low oxygen and cold; it can adapt and grow in shallow water, deep water, flowing water, still water, clear water, turbid water, and even sewage. From a water temperature of about 10°C to 32°C, it can normally feed and digest food. Even in strongly alkaline water with a pH of 9, it can still grow and reproduce, and it only begins to die when the oxygen content drops to 0.1 mg/L. The only drawback of crucian carp is its slow growth.

Crucian carp is an omnivorous and euryphagous fish. Animal-based baits include rotifers, bryozoans, copepods, cladocerans, shrimps, and so on; plant-based baits include diatoms, Spirogyra, and the leaves and seeds of higher plants. Crucian carp has slightly different feeding habits at different growth stages. At a body length of 1 cm to 5 cm, the variety of food increases; besides plankton, there are also fragments of young shoots and tender leaves of higher plants. When it grows to 10 cm to 15 cm, the amount of higher plants increases noticeably, and above 15 cm it mostly feeds on benthic animals.

Pond conditions

1. Pond environment: The pond area is generally 5-10 mu, the water depth is 1.5-2.5 m, the water quality is good, the water source is abundant, water intake and drainage are convenient, and there is no pollution; the pond bottom is flat and relatively hard, and generally the silt thickness should not exceed 20 cm, and the pond embankment is solid and does not leak water.

2. Clearing the pond and fertilizing the water: Remove debris and silt from the pond bottom. There are 2 methods: the dry-pond method and the water-retained method.

① Dry-pond method: Use 60-75 kg of quicklime per mu, keep 8-10 cm of standing water in the pond, and mix the pond-bottom silt and lime slurry evenly.

② Water-retained method: With a water depth of about 50 cm per mu, use 100-125 kg of quicklime, and splash the lime slurry evenly over the whole pond. After disinfection, fingerlings can generally be stocked in 7-10 days. After 5-6 days, fill the pond with water to a depth of 1.5-2.0 m. At the same time, apply 100-150 kg of rotted mixed fertilizer of animal manure such as chicken and duck manure, and cultivate the water until it is tender green or tea-brown, with a transparency of about 35 cm.

Fingerling stocking

The stocking species mix is 80% crucian carp and 20% other fish species such as silver carp and bighead carp. Before stocking the fry, they must be “tested in water” for about 24 hours. If there are no abnormalities, the fry can be officially released when the average water temperature reaches 6°C-8°C. Before the fingerlings are put into the pond, bathe them in a 10 mg/kg potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes; or bathe them in 3%-5% salt water for 5-10 minutes.

Feeding management

1. Feeding management: Follow normal pond fish-farming feeding management. Measure out the fish pellet feed well. Feeding every day must be punctual and fixed. Choose feed with a suitable particle size, good water stability, and a low feed conversion ratio. Follow the principle of small amounts and multiple feedings. When the water temperature is below 20°C, feed 1-2 times a day; when the water temperature is above 20°C, feed 3—4 times a day. Feeding times are all arranged between 8:00-18:00. According to the season, weather, water color, and feeding situation, take 80% of the fish finishing eating and swimming away as the standard; at this point reduce or stop feeding.

2. Regulating water quality: Apply quicklime solution about once every 20 days, with each application of 25-30 kg/mu, to improve water quality and keep the pond water pH between 7-7.5. Apply superphosphate once every 15 days, 15-20 kg/mu each time. Superphosphate can only be applied 3-5 days after applying quicklime, to prevent the water from becoming too alkaline and reducing the effect of phosphate fertilizer. Throughout the entire cycle, the pond should maintain an appropriate water volume. According to conditions, change the water about once every 10 days, each time changing 15-20 cm of depth, and use aerators in conjunction, so that the pond maintains good water quality conditions. In high-temperature seasons, the aerator should be turned on in time to increase oxygen.

Daily management

Persist in having dedicated staff on duty, often patrol the pond, and observe the dynamics of the fish school in the pond. Patrol the pond every morning, noon, and evening. Before dawn, observe whether the fish have floating-head symptoms and how severe the floating-head degree is; during the day, combine work such as feeding and measuring water temperature to check fish activity and feeding conditions; in high-temperature seasons, when the weather changes suddenly, also patrol the pond around midnight to prevent pond turnover.

Disease control

Mainly focus on prevention. For bacterial fish diseases (red skin disease, gill rot, enteritis, etc.), every 15 days splash the whole pond with 1 mg/kg bleaching powder dissolved in water; for parasitic fish diseases, once a month, each time splash the whole pond with a mixture of 0.5 mg/kg copper sulfate + 0.2 mg/kg ferrous sulfate dissolved in water; mainly to prevent and control protozoan parasites such as Trichodina and gill Cryptobia, and Sinergasilus disease, use 0.3-0.5 mg/kg crystallized trichlorfon or agricultural Decis (dosage: 6-10 mL per mu for each 1 m of water depth) and splash the whole pond, to prevent and control the larvae of parasites such as anchor worms and Sinergasilus in the pond.

Common high-quality crucian carp varieties

1. Silver crucian carp: Its body shape is noticeably higher and wider than ordinary crucian carp, its growth rate is faster than ordinary crucian carp, and it is large, with a maximum of up to 3 kg. Silver crucian carp is not only large but also has thick flesh, a delicious taste, a high catch rate, and few diseases, and is suitable for raising in ponds and lakes. Silver crucian carp is a middle-lower layer fish, likes to inhabit still-water areas with muddy bottoms, and likes to eat plant-based humus bait; its feeding habits and adaptability to the environment are similar to those of ordinary crucian carp. Silver crucian carp has a relatively high body; the body length is 3 times the body height; the head is short and small; the caudal fin is short with a small fork; the body color is slightly bluish-gray, and the belly is silvery-white.

2. Pengze crucian carp: Pengze crucian carp has a delicious taste, a high meat yield, and is rich in nutrients (muscle contains 18.3% protein and 1.3% fat). It has a plump body shape, is easy to transport, easy to keep temporarily, easy to hook, and convenient for live fish marketing. It is also a fish that can be developed for both production and recreational fishing. Pengze crucian carp has the characteristics of crucian carp, but also differs from crucian carp, especially in external morphology, where the differences are obvious. The body shape of Pengze crucian carp is spindle-shaped, the pigment is starlike, the back body color is gray-black, and the belly is gray-white. The male's pectoral fin can reach the base of the pelvic fin, while the female's pectoral fin cannot reach the base of the pectoral fin. Pengze crucian carp is low-backed, while silver crucian carp and allogynogenetic silver crucian carp are high-backed; this is the basis for distinguishing the three. Pengze crucian carp has strong adaptability and tolerates high temperature, severe cold, fertilized water, and low oxygen. Pengze crucian carp has relatively omnivorous feeding habits and a broad diet, and its feed is easy to obtain. The age of sexual maturity of Pengze crucian carp is 1 year, and the breeding period is early April each year; when the water temperature rises above 17°C, it can spawn. Pengze crucian carp grows rapidly and is large. One-year-old fish can reach more than 200 g, and the largest individual can reach 650 g. The average growth rate is 3.5 times that of ordinary crucian carp.

3. Allogynogenetic silver crucian carp: Offspring obtained by using Fangzheng silver crucian carp as the female parent and Xingguo red carp as the male parent, applying the “heterologous sperm gynogenesis effect.” The breeding method uses conventional artificial insemination, the spawning-inducing hormone uses carp pituitary, and fry rearing is the same as for silver crucian carp. Allogynogenetic silver crucian carp has a wide diet; it likes to eat diatoms, cladocerans, barley, soybean cake, and plant debris alike. The survival rate from fry to summer fingerlings is 80%, and from summer fingerlings to market-size fish is 90%. Its growth rate is 1-2 times faster than ordinary crucian carp. When stocked as a supplementary species in fingerling ponds, 100-120 fish (6.6 cm) are stocked per 667 sq m; after 5 months of rearing, without increasing feed, the yield can be increased by 20 kg-25 kg, with an average body weight of about 0.25 kg. When stocked as a supplementary species in market-fish ponds, an additional 100-120 fish (size 6.6 cm or more) are stocked per 667 sq m; after 180 days of rearing, about 20 kg of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp can be gained, with each fish above 0.15 kg.