Detailed Explanation of Standardized Pig Farm Construction Plans
China's pig farming industry is still dominated by small and medium-sized pig farms. Compared with large pig farms, small pig farms have the characteristics of being easy to manage, requiring small investment, and involving low labor intensity. There are quite a lot of people investing in small pig farms. To make it convenient for pig farmers to build farms and improve the level of standardized large-scale pig production, let's take a look below at the standard construction plan for small pig farms!
Site Selection Conditions for Pig Farms
1. The pig farming industry is a long-term industry, so long-term planning must be carried out.
2. Water, electricity, and transportation conditions: a 10,000-head pig farm consumes 150 to 250 tons of water per day, and the water quality must meet drinking standards. In terms of electricity use, apart from feed processing, the self-installed capacity is 80 to 100 kilowatts. The volume of material transportation is large, so choose a site with convenient transportation.
3. Sanitation and epidemic prevention conditions: comprehensively consider factors such as terrain, topography, location, water source, soil, and climate conditions, and stay away from residential areas, livestock farms, slaughterhouses, and main traffic lines.
4. Manure treatment and environmental protection conditions: ecological and environmentally friendly solutions should be used, combining as much as possible with vegetable plots, fish ponds, orchards, and farmland, so as to make sewage harmless and reduce its volume.
Classification of Pig Farm Scales
1. Large pig farms: self-breeding and self-raising type with basic sows >3000 head and commercial pigs >50000 head/year; piglet fattening type with basic sows =0 head and commercial pigs >50000 head/year; breeding piglet type with basic sows<3000头、仔猪<50000头/年。
2. Medium pig farms: self-breeding and self-raising type with basic sows<1000头、商品猪<10000头/年，仔猪育肥型础母猪=0头、商品猪<10000头/年，繁育仔猪型基础母猪<1000头、仔猪<10000头/年。
3. Small pig farms: self-breeding and self-raising type with basic sows<100头、商品猪<1600头/年，仔猪育肥型础母猪=0头、商品猪<1600头/年，繁育仔猪型基础母猪<100头、仔猪<1600头/年。
Principles for Pig Farm Construction
1. Separation of people and livestock: in the overall layout, the production area and the living area should be separated, clean roads and dirty roads should be separated, healthy pigs and sick pigs should be separated, and breeding pigs and commercial pigs should be separated. In pig house construction, human housing must be separated from pig houses to avoid the occurrence of zoonotic diseases. At the same time, biogas digester construction should be carried out in a supporting manner, so that the manure and sewage produced by farming can be treated in a timely manner and environmental sanitation can be ensured.
2. Strict epidemic prevention: during construction, efforts should be made to develop appropriately scaled breeding households or jointly build breeding communities, and construction should be carried out in strict accordance with epidemic prevention requirements.
3. Scientific planning: before construction, planning should be carried out by professional and technical personnel, and the construction of pig houses should be carried out under the guidance of professional and technical personnel.
4. Acting according to one's means: the scale of the pens should be chosen by farmers according to their own conditions (economic conditions, physical conditions, and their own farming foundation). In particular, building pig houses requires a large investment, and farmers must not bear excessively heavy economic pressure because of a development project.
Pig Farm Construction Standards
1. Pig farm site selection: the pig farm should be far away from residential areas to facilitate epidemic prevention, while also avoiding surrounding users being affected by the smell of manure.
2. Pig farm planning: the production and living areas must be separated to facilitate epidemic prevention and management of the pig farm. The production area should be built on the upwind side of the prevailing wind direction and not be affected by the living area.
3. Production area: each building should preferably be connected by corridors to facilitate the turnover of pig groups on the farm. At the same time, production personnel can be isolated from the outside world, achieving truly fully enclosed production.
4. Pig farm structure: divided into upper, middle, and lower three-layer structures. The upper layer is the water and electricity passage, the middle layer is for walking and moving pig groups, and the lower layer is the main manure ditch.
5. Manure cleaning: the manure from each pig house is flushed into the main manure ditch and then flows into the septic tank. The drawback of this design is that the manure will settle in the manure ditch, and after a period of time the manure ditch needs to be cleaned; otherwise, the air environment in the pig house will be greatly affected, which is not conducive to the lives of the pigs. If there is labor available, the keepers can shovel the semi-dry manure in the pig house out of the pen instead of flushing it into the manure ditch, which is more beneficial to the environment of the pig house.