Detailed Guide to Rose Cultivation Techniques: Planting Methods and Management Key Points
Roses belong to the order Rosales, family Rosaceae, deciduous shrubs, with branches and stems mostly bearing prickles, odd-pinnate compound leaves, leaflets 5 to 9, elliptical, with dense white tomentum on the underside and marginal prickles. Petals obovate, double to semi-double, flowers purple-red and white, fruiting period August to September, oblate.
Soil Preparation
Roses are perennial woody plants with a long production cycle. Cutting-propagated seedlings can be harvested for 3-4 years after one planting, and grafted seedlings can be harvested for 5—6 years. To obtain cut flowers of high quality, high yield and high efficiency, the soil for planting roses must have good physical and chemical properties during cultivation. It is best to choose loose, well-aerated clay loam with a low groundwater table. The soil needs to be rich in organic matter, preferably reaching a content of 10% or more. The soil pH is around 6.5. Soil improvement should be combined with preparing the planting beds, through deep plowing and applying large amounts of organic fertilizer, so that the soil permeability and water-fertilizer retention are improved and maintained over the long term, promoting long-term good growth of the rose root system. Organic fertilizers for soil improvement can include cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, bone meal, leaf mold, compost, and so on.
The planting beds are made with a bed surface width of 0.9 m, a walkway bottom width of 0.5 m, and a bed height of 0.5 m, and the bed surface should be level. After the planting beds are made, the soil pH value and EC value need to be checked again and adjusted with fertilizers, acid or alkali, so that the pH value is adjusted to around 6.5 and the EC value is adjusted to 0.8~1.2 mS/cm. If the EC value is less than 08, adjust with fertilizer; if the EC value is greater than 1.2, it can be leached with water. Install drip irrigation in advance.
Cultivation Methods and Field Planting
Rose production mostly adopts the bending-branch cultivation method, with a cultivation pattern of single-bed double-row planting, plant spacing 12 cm, row spacing 50 cm, and 5000—6000 plants planted per mu. In greenhouse cultivation, planting can be done throughout the year. When planting, plant along a drawn straight line to ensure the planting row of seedlings is straight, which facilitates management. The planting depth should be slightly deeper than the cutting depth, but the soil must not cover the main bud of the seedling. Seedlings from modern factory production have a short acclimatization period and establish quickly.
After planting, water thoroughly in time to settle the roots. When planting in high-temperature weather, pay attention to shading and cooling and spray water on the leaves. Within one week after planting, fully ensure that the root-zone soil and surface soil are moist, spray water on the leaves during the day, and provide appropriate shade; after 7 days, gradually reduce leaf spraying, but keep the surface soil moist, and spray fungicides such as carbendazim or chlorothalonil for one disease control treatment; after 15 days, gradually reduce soil watering, and thereafter water timely according to soil moisture conditions to keep the soil moist, and begin using the drip irrigation system; after 30 days, enter normal management.