Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of Standardized Rose Cultivation Techniques
In recent years, our farm has implemented the Science and Technology Spark Project of the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and has successively introduced five new rose cut flower varieties from outside the province - Meilan Lipstick, Bellamy, American Pink, Cardinal, and Red 90 - and has summarized a set of standardized cultivation techniques, which are introduced as follows: 1. Variety layout: Meilan Lipstick and Bellamy are the main summer cultivars...
In recent years, our farm has implemented the Science and Technology Spark Project of the Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and has successively introduced five new rose cut flower varieties from outside the province - Meilan Lipstick, Bellamy, American Pink, Cardinal, and Red 90 - and has summarized a set of standardized cultivation techniques, which are introduced as follows:
1. Variety layout: Meilan Lipstick and Bellamy are the main summer cultivars, and American Pink can serve as a companion variety for summer or autumn and winter. Cardinal and Red 90 serve as the main cultivars for autumn and winter.
2. Planting period and dense planting specifications: The suitable period for spring planting is from mid-April to early June, and for autumn planting it is from late October to mid-November. For dense planting specifications, the bed width is 1.5 m (bed ditch 60 cm), the bed height is 30 cm, 2 rows are planted per bed, the row-to-plant spacing within the bed is 30 x 25 cm, and the number of seedlings per mu is a full 2500 plants.
3. Fertilization: When cultivating on medium soil fertility, apply pure n 35-40 kg per mu, p2o5 31.5-36 kg, and k2o 35-40 kg. The n, p, k ratio is about 1:0.9:1. Among these, organic fertilizer should account for more than 60%. The Cardinal variety, which has a high fertilizer requirement, should be given more, while other varieties should be given less as appropriate. Apply 3000-3500 kg per mu of decomposed poultry and livestock manure, human urine, mushroom material, mountain soil ash, rotten rice straw, etc. as base fertilizer. For topdressing after heavy pruning, open furrows on both sides of the bed far from the roots, and apply organic fertilizer appropriately combined with chemical fertilizer by deep application; after fertilization, combine with intertillage and earthing up. After ordinary cutting of flowers, topdressing can be carried out by watering with dilution according to the plant's growth condition.
4. Pruning: For the main summer cultivars, carry out heavy pruning in winter; for the main autumn and winter cultivars, carry out heavy pruning in summer. When pruning, for plants with fewer branches and weaker growth, the branch-bending method can be used instead of branch cutting. To regulate the flowering period, the suitable pruning period can be calculated by referring to the accumulated temperature of the variety. Routine pruning: mainly, when cutting flowers, cut at 1-2 bud points above the base of the branch, and do not cut high, so as to prevent the formation of a hollow state.
5. Field management
(1) Intertillage and weeding: Choose fine weather for intertillage and weeding. Intertillage can be combined with fertilization, and earthing up and bed repair should be done well.
(2) Drainage and irrigation: During the rainy season or heavy rain, ditches should be cleared in time for drainage; in dry seasons, water should be properly diverted for irrigation. For the first irrigation, stop the water when the water level reaches one third of the bed height; thereafter, stop the water when the irrigation water level is slightly higher than the previous one, and let it dry naturally.
6. Winter insulation: In mid to late November, when the night temperature is around 13°C, cover with plastic film for insulation. On clear and warm days, when the daytime temperature reaches 27°C, open the ventilation layer to lower the temperature, and close the ventilation layer around 4 p.m. for insulation.
7. Control of major diseases
(1) Black spot disease: Also known as brown spot disease, the pathogen is a fungus of the genus Actinonema. It can occur throughout the production period, and generally the disease is severe in the plum rain season and typhoon season. Control methods: Sweep up fallen leaves at any time and remove diseased leaves to reduce sources of infection. In winter, carry out heavy pruning on severely diseased plants to remove overwintering pathogens on diseased stems. When new leaves have just unfolded in summer, spray once every 7-10 days with 50% Duojuling 500-1000 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution, or 80% zineb 500 times solution.
(2) Gray mold disease: The pathogen is a fungus of the class Hyphomycetes, order Hyphomycetales. It is prone to occur under high temperature and poor ventilation. Control methods: Remove diseased parts in time to reduce sources of infection, and also promptly cut off withered Chinese rose flowers. Spray with 50% Sumilex 2000 times solution, or 50% iprodione 1000-1500 times solution, or 50% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays. Also pay attention to alternating the agents to prevent the development of resistance.
(3) Powdery mildew: The pathogen is a fungus of the genus Sphaerotheca. It develops rapidly in warm and humid seasons. The disease is more severe when there is too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient potassium fertilizer in the soil. Control methods: Prune and destroy all dead infected shoots, which can reduce sources of infection. Diseased leaves at the initial stage should be removed as early as possible. Spray with 20% triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times solution, or 50% sulfur-multiplex suspension 300 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays.