What should be noted during the cultivation of fruiting mulberry?
What should be noted when planting fruiting mulberry? Please provide guidance. When planting fruiting mulberry, note the following points: 1. Site conditions: Fruiting mulberry has strong adaptability and can be grown in the Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi, and northern Shaanxi regions. Whether planted in loessal soil, sandy loam, or loam, it can grow healthily. The better the water, fertilizer, and light, the higher the yield. General farmland...
What should be noted when planting fruiting mulberry? Please provide guidance.
When planting fruiting mulberry, note the following points:
1. Site conditions: Fruiting mulberry has strong adaptability and can be developed in the Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi, and northern Shaanxi regions. Whether planted in loessal soil, sandy loam, or loam, it can grow healthily. The better the water, fertilizer, and light, the higher the yield. General farmland and field edges can all be used.
2. Variety selection: For fresh eating of mulberries as the main purpose, it is suitable to plant Wu Zi Da Shi and Hong Guo No. 2. The former has good fruit flavor and ripens early; the latter has high yield and is relatively cold-tolerant. For the purpose of processing mulberry juice, etc., it is suitable to choose Hong Guo No. 1, Hong Guo No. 2, and 8632. Hong Guo No. 1 is cold-tolerant and extremely high-yielding. Note that no matter which variety is planted, 5-10% male plants must be configured as pollinizer trees.
3. Planting density: The Wu Zi Da Shi variety has relatively soft branches and a loose tree shape, so use a row spacing of 150 cm and plant spacing of 120 cm (370 plants per mu); other varieties have upright branches and a compact tree shape, so use 130 cm x 100 cm or 130 cm x 130 cm.
4. Cultivation key points:
1. The period from after mulberry leaves fall in late autumn to before buds sprout the following spring is the mulberry planting period. Level the land, dig trenches 50 cm deep according to the planned row spacing, and apply organic fertilizer (more than 10 kg per plant) and phosphate fertilizer.
2. Separate the purchased mulberry seedlings by size, arrange the fruiting trees and pollinizer trees in a reasonable matching layout, then plant them one by one at equal spacing, and water thoroughly after planting. In the northern Shaanxi region, for plantings done before winter, bury the seedling trunks in soil to prevent freezing.
3. Before mulberry buds sprout in early spring, cut flat at a height of 40 cm from the ground. In early June, for vigorously growing branches, cut flat leaving 15-20 cm to promote side buds. In that year, strengthen water and fertilizer management and pest control to promote rapid growth.
4. In the spring of the second year, there will be mulberries. After harvesting fruit in May and June, carry out shaping and pruning of the mulberry trees. Select and retain 3-4 thick branches per plant, cut flat leaving 15-20 cm at the base to become scaffold branches. New branches sprouting on the scaffold branches are the fruiting branches for the next year.
5. After the third year, each year after fruit harvest is finished, cut off all branches from the base to cause new branches to regrow. In a timely manner, thin out overly dense fine branches and weak branches, concentrating nutrients to grow good branches.
6. Apply topdressing 2-3 times each year. Apply organic fertilizer once in autumn and winter, applying barnyard manure (or cake fertilizer, chicken manure) 800-1000 kg. During the flowering and fruiting period (late March to early April), in order to make the young fruit rapidly expand and grow large, apply 15-20 kg of imported fertilizer per mu. After that, choose 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. for foliar fertilization, which is beneficial for increasing the sugar content and color of the mulberries. After pruning the branches in early June, apply a compound chemical fertilizer once. Cover with plastic film in early spring each year, which can both advance mulberry ripening and effectively prevent and control mulberry sclerotinia disease and damage by mulberry gall midge. This is an important technical measure for sustained high quality and high yield of mulberries.
5. Utilization of mulberry leaves: After the third year, mulberry leaves can be reasonably utilized.
1. Silkworm rearing. For spring silkworms, collect newly hatched silkworms around May 20. During the young silkworm stage, use mulberry leaves from pollinizer trees for feeding; during the large silkworm stage, leaves from fruiting trees can be picked. For autumn silkworms, collect newly hatched silkworms in early September. When picking leaves, pick the leaf and keep the petiole, do not damage the mulberry buds, and leave more than 5 leaves at the branch tips to nourish the tree.
2. Medicinal use. Frost mulberry leaf is a traditional Chinese medicine, harvested after frost.
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