Detailed Introduction to Lily Planting Methods
Recently, a reader left us a message saying: You have the planting and pest control for edible lilies here, so why is there no planting technique for ornamental lilies? So now we are adding it: Lilies are plants of the genus Lilium in the family Liliaceae. They are excellent both as medicine and food, and the bulbs are used for food or medicine. They have the functions of nourishing yin and moistening the lungs, and clearing the heart and calming the mind....
Recently, a readerleft us a message saying: You have the planting and pest control for edible lilies here, so why is there no planting technique for ornamental lilies?
So now we are adding it:
Lilies are plants of the genus Lilium in the family Liliaceae. They are excellent both as medicine and food, and the bulbs are used for food or medicine. They have the functions of nourishing yin and moistening the lungs, and clearing the heart and calming the mind. Lilies prefer warm and humid environments, and grow poorly in high-temperature areas. They like dryness and fear waterlogging.
If soil moisture is too high, it causes the bulbs to rot and die. They are not strict about soil requirements, but in deep, fertile, loose sandy loam, the bulbs are white in color and thicker in flesh. They grow well in plots with half shade and half sun and slightly acidic soil.
Heavy clay soil is not suitable for cultivation. The root system is thick and well developed, and it is tolerant of fertilizer. After emergence in spring, sufficient nitrogen nutrition and enough phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are required, N:P:K = 1:0.8:1, and the fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer. Continuous cropping is avoided, with a rotation once every 3-4 years, and the previous crop is best as leguminous or grass-family crops.
1. Land selection and soil preparation:
Sandy loam with fertile soil, high and dry terrain, good drainage, and loose texture should be selected for cultivation. In combination with soil preparation, apply 2000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu plus 40-50 kg of Yangfeng compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. Apply 50-60 kg of lime per mu (or 0.6 kg of 50% diazinon) for soil disinfection. Then break the soil fine and rake it level to make beds 1.3 m wide each or flat beds, with a furrow width of 30 cm, and open relatively deep drainage ditches around the perimeter for good drainage.
2、LilyPlanting methods:
LilyMainly propagated by bulblets. Select small bulbs with tightly clasped scales, white color, regular shape, no damage, and no pests or diseases as seed.
Soak thelilyseed bulbs in a solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl, or carbendazim, or agricultural streptomycin for 15-30 minutes for disinfection, then dry them and plant. The time is best from late September to October. On the prepared bed surface, open horizontal furrows at a row spacing of 25 cm, with a deep furrow of 12 cm, then place one small bulb every 15 cm (plant spacing), with the top pointing upward, cover with fine soil and plant firmly, then cover with soil. Where conditions permit, add a layer of fallen leaves or rice straw to prevent freezing and preserve moisture, gently press the leaves and straw tight, and remove them when sprouting. 10,000-15,000 plants per mu, with 150-200/kg of seed used per mu.
3、LilyField management:
(1) Early-stage management. In winter, choose sunny days for intertillage, sun the surface soil, and preserve moisture and heat. Before emergence in spring, loosen the soil and hoe weeds to raise soil temperature and promote early sprouting; cover with straw to preserve moisture. In summer, prevent rot caused by high temperatures; when it turns cool, keep warm again, prevent frost damage, and apply seedling-promoting fertilizer to promote the growth of lilies.
(2) Mid- and late-stage management. First, clear the ditches and drain water. Second, top at the right time. The most suitable timing is: when the flower buds turn from upright to drooping, and the color changes from all green to pinkish red appearing on the sun-facing side. The time is June. Third, control nitrogen fertilizer application after topping. To promote the rapid enlargement of young bulbs. Around the Summer Solstice, remove bulbils and clean the furrows and ditches in time to reduce field temperature and humidity.
(3) Topdressing. The first is stable application of winter fertilizer. In January, before the lily seedlings emerge, apply about 5-10 kg of urea per mu in combination with intertillage to promote new roots. The second is heavy application of seedling-strengthening fertilizer. In early April, when lily seedlings are 10-20 cm tall, apply 10-15 kg of Yangfeng compound fertilizer plus 5-10 kg of urea per mu to promote strong seedlings. The third is appropriate application of bulb-expanding fertilizer. In early to mid-June, after flowering and topping, apply 30-40 kg of Yangfeng 48% urea-based compound fertilizer per mu to promote bulb enlargement. At the same time, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves. This topdressing must be completed 40-50 days before harvesting.
4、LilyPest and disease control
(1) Lily blight:
Blight isone of the common diseases of lilies, occurring heavily in rainy years, causing stem and leaf rot and seriously affecting bulb yield. The pathogen can infect stems, leaves, flowers, and scales. After the stem base is damaged, it becomes water-soaked and constricted, causing the whole plant to wither and die rapidly. When leaves are affected, the lesions are water-soaked, light brown, and form irregular large spots. In severe cases, flowers, pedicels, and scales can all be damaged, causing discoloration and rot of the diseased parts.
BlightControl methods:① Implement crop rotation; ② Choose plots with good drainage and loose soil for cultivation; ③ Disinfect seed bulbs; ④ Strengthen field management, pay attention to opening ditches for drainage; increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to make seedlings grow robustly; ⑤ Spray 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture once before emergence, and spray 50% carbendazim 800-fold solution 2-3 times after emergence to protect the seedlings; after disease occurs, promptly remove diseased plants and treat with 50% quicklime.
(2) Lily viral disease:
Affected plants of lily viral disease show yellowing leaves or yellow spots, yellow streaks, acute leaf drop, poor plant growth, and stunting. Flower buds turn yellow and cannot open, and in severe cases the plants wither and die.
Control methods for viral disease:① Select and breed disease-resistant varieties or propagate with disease-free bulbs; ② Strengthen field management, appropriately increase application of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to make plants grow robustly and enhance disease resistance; ③ Remove severely affected plants, and control aphids early to reduce reinfection by virus-carrying aphids.
(3) Lily leaf blight and soft rot:
Lily leaf blight and soft rotare respectively the main diseases during the growing season and during storage.
Lily leaf blight and soft rotControl methods:Select robust, disease-free seed bulbs for propagation. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 50% benzimidazole 500-600-fold solution for 20-30 minutes, then dry them and plant. During harvesting and transport, try not to bruise the bulbs, and during storage pay attention to ventilation and cooling.
(4) Common insect pests of lilies:
Common insect pests of lilies include aphids, scarab larvae, and mites. Aphid damage often clusters on tender leaves and flower buds to suck sap, causing plants to stunt and grow poorly, and affecting both flowering and fruiting.
Control methods for lily insect pests:
① Clean the field, remove weeds in the field, and reduce overwintering insect populations; ② During occurrence, spray 2000-fold fenvalerate solution, or 1500-fold 40% omethoate solution, or 1000-fold 50% malathion solution, aphid-mite net, or Dagongchen.
For scarab larvae, malathion and phoxim can be used. For mites, acaricides can be used.
IV. Harvesting and processing
From late July to early August, when the aboveground part of the plant withers and the bulbs are fully mature, harvest on a sunny day. After harvesting, cut off the aboveground part, fibrous roots, and seed roots, and store in a ventilated place. Lilies kept for seed are best left in the ground, and when sowing in autumn, dig, select, and sow at the same time. They can also be harvested and then slightly dried, and stored in layers with dry sand for later use.
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