How to apply fertilizer scientifically in hot and dry weather
It is not advisable to apply large amounts of undecomposed cake fertilizer. Cake fertilizer has a relatively small carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and decomposes quickly, easily generating high temperatures. Applying undecomposed cake fertilizer will raise the local temperature, cause root burn and affect seed germination, and will also attract underground pests. The cake fertilizer should be crushed and soaked in human urine until it heats up before application. Compound fertilizer cannot be used alone...
As the saying goes: "Whether you harvest or not depends on water; whether you harvest much or little depends on fertilizer." This shows the importance of water and fertilizer to crops. Temperature is also an extremely important condition affecting the effectiveness of fertilizer application. On the one hand, it can affect the transformation of fertilizer in the soil and the accumulation of available nutrients; on the other hand, it also affects the growth status of crops and the respiration of the root system, thereby affecting the speed of crop nutrient absorption, transport and utilization. At present, many places in our province are experiencing high temperatures and drought. It is recommended that farmers apply fertilizer scientifically to improve fertilizer efficiency.Fertilizer varieties
Apply more phosphate fertilizer. On the one hand, phosphate fertilizer can be used more effectively at higher temperatures and produce good fertilizer efficiency; on the other hand, phosphate fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of soil moisture and play a mutually promoting role. In addition, sufficient phosphorus can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and play the role of using phosphorus to support nitrogen. Reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, especially ammonium bicarbonate and others that are easily decomposed by heat, because ammonium bicarbonate, which is easily decomposed by heat, and high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer can easily cause crop seedling burn.
Fertilizer amount
In hot and dry seasons, under strong light, the temperature of bare ground can reach 50°C, evaporation is intense, and the concentration of the surface water solution increases sharply. At this time, if the same amount of fertilizer as under normal weather is applied, crop yield not only cannot be maintained or increased, but is very likely to decrease. For example, when precipitation is moderate, applying 12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu to corn may achieve high yield. If the same amount of fertilizer is still applied during high temperature and drought, it faces the risk of yield reduction. Some farmers reported that last year, during high temperature and drought, Atractylodes macrocephala was fertilized at the same level as the year before, and as a result, the yield of Atractylodes macrocephala did not increase but decreased; the yield of those without fertilizer was instead higher than those with fertilizer.
Fertilization time
Applying fertilizer in the morning, although the operation feels more comfortable for people, as the sun rises, the temperature rises sharply, water evaporates quickly, the crop absorption time is short, and fertilizer utilization rate is low; applying fertilizer at noon, due to the high temperature, is not conducive to fertilizer absorption or human operation; applying fertilizer in the evening is both suitable for human operation and can make up for the shortcoming of short crop absorption time (because nighttime is a process of temperature decrease, surface water evaporation weakens, and moisture retention time is longer), and is the best fertilization time.