How can phosphate fertilizer efficiency in wheat fields be improved? Practical methods shared
1. Apply after mixed composting and fermentation with organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid and a variety of organic weak acids, which can turn insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus. It not only greatly improves the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, but also effectively overcomes the problem of phosphate fertilizer burning seedlings. 2. Apply in combination with nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer...
1. Apply after mixed composting and fermentation with organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid and a variety of organic weak acids, which can turn insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus. It not only greatly improves the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, but also effectively overcomes the problem of phosphate fertilizer burning seedlings.
2. Apply in combination with nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer
According to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and other elements required by wheat, scientifically applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer together with phosphate fertilizer can not only effectively supplement the deficiency of soil nutrients, but also increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by 20%-30%. The combined application ratio: generally, for high-yield wheat fields, apply 4000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 30 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, and 12 kg of standard potassium fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer; for zinc-deficient plots, apply 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu; for medium-yield fields, it is advisable to apply 3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 35 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg of standard potassium fertilizer, and 1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu as base fertilizer.
3. Adopt the concentrated application method
Concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer reduces its contact area with soil. This is an effective method to reduce the fixation of available phosphorus in phosphate fertilizer by calcium, magnesium, aluminum and other elements in the soil. Especially in yellow-red soil, calcareous soil, yellow mud soil, shajiang black soil and other clayey soils, broadcasting phosphate fertilizer makes it more likely to be fixed by the soil. Research shows that concentrated band application of phosphate fertilizer can increase the utilization rate by 28% compared with broadcasting, increasing wheat yield by 11.8%.
Band application method: before sowing wheat, according to the sowing row spacing, first use one seeder to apply phosphate fertilizer deeply 8-10 cm, then use a second seeder to sow, so that the wheat seeds and phosphate fertilizer are offset by 1-2 cm.
4. Choose phosphate fertilizer according to the soil
In order to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer should be selected according to the soil. On neutral and calcareous alkaline soils, water-soluble superphosphate should be selected; superphosphate is weakly acidic and can neutralize the alkali in the soil. On acidic soils, weakly alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate should be selected. Applying alkaline fertilizer to acidic soil can not only enhance its fertilizer efficiency, but also neutralize the acid in the soil and avoid the harm of acid to wheat roots.
5. The amount used should be appropriate
The increase in wheat yield per kilogram of phosphate fertilizer decreases as the amount of phosphate fertilizer used increases, but if the amount used is too small, the yield increase per unit area is not significant. Generally, an application rate of 50-60 kg per mu is appropriate.
6. Foliar spraying outside the roots
During the jointing to booting and grain-filling stages of wheat, dissolve 2-3 kg of superphosphate in clean water, filter out the residue, add 50-60 kg of clean water and mix evenly, and spray once each at the jointing, booting and grain-filling stages of wheat, which can increase yield by 4%-6%. Or spray a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the roots, spraying 60-80 kg per mu each time, three times in total, which clearly strengthens the stems and prevents lodging, and can increase yield by 4.6%-8.1%. For foliar spraying outside the roots, choose a time after 3 p.m. on a sunny day without strong wind or on a cloudy day. Use a sprayer aimed at the wheat plants with the "turn over and fasten down, spray thoroughly on all sides" method, so that both the front and back sides of the plant leaves are evenly covered with the fertilizer solution. Foliar spraying has the advantages of using less fertilizer, taking effect quickly, high fertilizer utilization rate, and not being limited by soil moisture.