Methods and Techniques for Scientifically Applying Phosphate Fertilizer to Wheat
Wheat is a crop with a relatively high phosphorus requirement, and scientifically applying phosphate fertilizer is one of the key measures to improve phosphate fertilizer efficiency, reduce fertilization costs, and promote high-quality and high-yield wheat. 1. Apply after mixing and composting with organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid, and various organic weak acids, which can turn insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus...
Wheat is a crop with a relatively high phosphorus requirement, and scientifically applying phosphate fertilizer is one of the key measures to improve phosphate fertilizer efficiency, reduce fertilization costs, and promote high-quality and high-yield wheat.
1. Apply after mixing and composting with organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid, and various organic weak acids, which can turn insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus. At the same time, after organic fertilizer is mixed with phosphate fertilizer, the contact area between phosphate fertilizer and soil can be greatly reduced, thereby lessening the fixation of phosphorus by the soil. Therefore, by applying it after composting and fermenting with organic fertilizer, not only can the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer be greatly improved, but the problem of phosphate fertilizer burning seedlings can also be effectively overcome.
Composting method: Half a month before application, mix 1 part phosphate fertilizer with 10-20 parts organic fertilizer, pile it up, and seal the outside tightly with mud.
2. Apply in combination with nitrogen, potassium, and zinc fertilizers
According to wheat's demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and other elements, scientifically applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer together with phosphate fertilizer can both effectively supplement the deficiencies of soil nutrients and increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by 20-30%. The combined application ratio: generally, for high-yield wheat fields, apply 4000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 30 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, and 12 kg of standard potassium fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, and apply 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu in zinc-deficient plots; for medium-yield fields, it is advisable to apply 3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 35 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg of standard potassium fertilizer, and 1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu as base fertilizer.
3. Concentrated application
Concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer can reduce the contact area between phosphate fertilizer and soil, decrease the fixation of phosphorus by soil, and improve the utilization rate. Concentrated band application of phosphate fertilizer can increase the utilization rate by 28% compared with broadcasting, and increase wheat yield by about 12%.
4. Choose phosphate fertilizer according to the soil
On neutral and calcareous alkaline soils, water-soluble superphosphate should be chosen. Superphosphate is weakly acidic and can neutralize alkali in the soil; on acidic soils, weakly alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be chosen. Applying alkaline fertilizer to acidic soil can not only enhance its fertilizer efficiency, but also neutralize acid in the soil and avoid the harm of acid to wheat roots.
5. The amount used should be appropriate
The number of jin of wheat yield increase per kg of phosphate fertilizer decreases as the amount of phosphate fertilizer increases, but if the amount used is too small, the yield increase per unit area is not significant. Generally, an application rate of 50-60 kg per mu is appropriate.
6. Foliar spraying
Dissolve 2-3 kg of superphosphate in clean water, filter out the residue, add 50-60 kg of clean water, and mix evenly. Spray once each at the jointing, booting, and grain-filling stages of wheat, which can increase yield by 4-6%. Alternatively, spray a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves, spraying 60-80 kg per mu each time, three times in total, which has an obvious effect of strengthening stems and preventing lodging, and can increase yield by 4.6-8.1%.