What impact does the application of organic fertilizer have on food safety?
What impact does the application of organic fertilizer have on food safety? Please explain. At present, the issue of the quality and safety of agricultural products in China is attracting increasingly widespread attention from society. The factors that trigger the safety of agricultural products, especially quality and safety, include both natural and human aspects, among which pollution of the ecological environment, namely water, soil, air, organisms and other aspects...
What impact does the application of organic fertilizer have on food safety? Please explain
At present, the issue of the quality and safety of agricultural products in China is attracting increasingly widespread attention from society. The factors that trigger the safety of agricultural products, especially quality and safety, include both natural and human aspects, among which pollution of the ecological environment, namely water, soil, air, organisms and other aspects, is an important root cause of the decline in the quality of agricultural products. And preventing pollutants from entering the soil and improving the soil ecological environment, starting from the input of means of production, namely chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other sources, is fundamental to ensuring the safety of agricultural products.
Safety of agricultural products
and the main problems of soil pollution
At present, the soil pollution, namely soil environmental safety problems, facing China mainly include the following aspects:
First, excessive and unscientific application of chemical fertilizers causes soil pollution.
In recent years, the average amount of chemical fertilizer nitrogen applied to cultivated land in China has been above 220 kg/hm2. In the 1990s, the average application amount in 17 provinces exceeded the internationally recognized upper limit of 225 kg/hm2, and among them 4 provinces reached 400 kg/hm2. In some areas, the levels of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in drinking water and agricultural products are clearly above standards. In 2001, some provinces in the Yangtze River Delta lost hundreds of millions of US dollars in agricultural product exports due to failing monitoring.
Second, China's total pesticide application amount has reached more than 1.3 million tons (formulated products), double that of developed countries. In particular, with the restructuring of the planting structure, the sown area of vegetables and melons and fruits has increased substantially, 1 to 2 times higher than that of grain crops.
After application, the residue of pesticides in soil is 50%-60%. At present, the detectable rate in soil of the long-banned hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) and DDT is still very high.
Third, heavy metal pollution is becoming increasingly serious.
According to relevant statistics, the area of soil polluted by heavy metals in China has reached 20 million hm2, accounting for 1/6 of the total cultivated land area. Nearly 7 million hm2 of farmland is polluted by industrial "three wastes", reducing grain output by 10 billion kg each year.
Fourth, solid waste such as plastics, solid household garbage and dry organic fertilizer, if improperly disposed of, can all become solid waste in the agricultural ecosystem. At present, the most harmful is waste plastic.
The importance of organic fertilizer to food safety
and sustainable agricultural development
China has a large population and little land. The per capita cultivated land area is only 1.5 mu (based on 1.95 billion mu), less than half the world average. China's cultivated land soil is poor in nutrients. Apart from the black soil in Northeast China and old vegetable gardens in various places, the organic matter of dryland soil is mostly 1.0%-1.5%, and the organic matter of paddy soil is mostly 1.5%-2.0%. The available N, P and K of most soils are at medium to low levels. Therefore, in the 21st century China's agriculture will face even greater challenges. How to make good use of organic and inorganic fertilizer resources and handle the relationships between fertilization and benefits, fertilization and the ecological environment, and fertilization and the safety of agricultural products is a major issue concerning the national economy and people's livelihood.
As a new type of environmentally friendly fertilizer, one of the most prominent characteristics of organic fertilizer is improving crop quality, improving and building up soil fertility, and purifying the environment. The content of soil organic matter is very closely related to the level of fertility and the capacity to supply nutrients. For example, in infertile land such as sandy saline-alkali land and desert with very low fertility, even large amounts of chemical fertilizer can hardly maintain crop growth and increase yields. Therefore, fertilizer containing organic matter is also a necessary measure for the continued increase of crop yields at present.
The implementation of the Ministry of Agriculture's "Fertile Soil Project" and "Pollution-Free Action Plan" will inevitably accelerate the development and production of organic fertilizer, among which the demand for pollution-free fertilizer for Grade A green food will be even greater. Subsequently, the agricultural means of production required for Grade AA green food will also continue to rise. In particular, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Administration and all relevant departments, as well as local governments at all levels, are actively supporting and promoting the development and production of organic fertilizer, and have formulated a series of policies and management measures.
The No. 1 Central Document of 2008 emphasized: accelerate the pace of implementing the Fertile Soil Project and expand the scale of soil testing and formulated fertilization. Support farmers in returning straw to the field, planting green manure, and increasing the application of organic fertilizer. Actively develop green food and organic food, cultivate famous-brand agricultural products, support the production of high-quality agricultural products and the development of agriculture with distinctive local features. It is necessary to increase income by reducing costs, vigorously develop conservation-oriented agriculture, promote the resource utilization of by-products such as straw and household waste, and improve agricultural production efficiency.
On May 28, 2008, the Premier of the State Council presided over an executive meeting of the State Council and made important instructions on China's supply of agricultural means of production, especially the development of the organic fertilizer industry: rectify and standardize the order of the chemical fertilizer market, strengthen price and quality supervision; promote soil testing and formulated fertilization technology, guide farmers to fertilize rationally, and encourage increased application of organic fertilizer.
The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the "Notice on Exemption of Value-Added Tax on Organic Fertilizer Products", stipulating that starting from June 1, value-added tax shall be exempted on organic fertilizer products produced and sold at retail by taxpayers.
The introduction of relevant new national policies and management methods shows that the state is paying increasing attention to the organic fertilizer industry, and through policy support has provided a better development platform for the development of the organic fertilizer industry, laying a good foundation for the healthy development of organic fertilizer. Against this broader background, the development prospects of organic fertilizer are very broad.
Click to get more organic fertilizer application techniques
Click to get more chemical fertilizer application techniques